| Objective:The studying of Atherosclerosis has always been being paid much more attention by people over the years, which has been made progress gradually. Although variety of theories on it have sprung up, the prevention and treatment is still very limited indeed, in addition, the effect of various treatment are not very satisfactory. But we find that Vitamin C has a role in the prevention of Atherosclerosis. So we will introduce some ideas in this article that Vitamin C can prevent the occurrence of Atherosclerosis.1) Establish an animal model which has a closer relationship with human.2) Preliminary view that Vitamin C has a role in the prevention of atherosclerosis in the early stages of formation.3) Preliminary studies the mechanism of vitamin C to prevent atherosclerosis.Methods:The 50 guinea pigs were randomly divided into five groups, Group A was fed normal diet, Group B was fed the normal low vitamin C, Group C was fed the normal low vitamin C without vitamin C, Group D was fed high-fat group without vitamin C, and Group E was fed high-fat group without vitamin C with injecting vitamin C by abdominal cavity.After 28 days, all the guinea pigs were anesthetized with 3.5% chloral hydrate by intraperitoneal. After opening the abdominal cavity, first, we collected blood in the lower abdominal aorta; Second, after syringe inserted in the left ventricular apex, then we washed systemic vascular with 150 ml 0.9% saline; Third, we conducted in vivo and in fixed 10% formaldehyde solution with 150 ml perfusion; Fourth, we removed ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta, which were separated into 10% formalin fixative and were fixed; Finally, after fixing, we did some studies in morphology by HE staining and Masson staining.The blood collected in the first step was detected in the biochemistry and complete blood count. The results measured by using SPSS ANOVA, which were applied in statistic and analysis.Results:1 Deriving in the experiment on the 29th day, we observed five groups of animals and found that weight reduction with the reduced intake of VC. The guinea pigs of the model Group D were poor state, which had little water consumption in the last 10 days, all could not stand, were extremely thin, hair removal and dull hair. Opening the abdominal cavity of NG, we found a large number of lipids surrounding organs, S-shaped scoliosis severe spinal bones and fracture easily,the hemostat heart could not be fixed in reperfusion and vessels broke easily when blooded. Above can tell us that these organizations have high brittle, less flexible. The results of the Group C are similar with the Group D, but the extent of the Group C is lighter than Group D. The weight of the Group B reduced, but other manifestations were similar to the Group A.2 Comparwason of the blood and blood biochemwastry results Comparing with group A,BUN,CHO,TG,HDL,LDL of group D were all increased, the differences of which were statistically significant that P was less than 0.01;GLU,GGT of group C were all increased, the differences of which were statistically significant that P was less than 0.01;GGT of group B were all increased, the differences of which were statistically significant that P was less than 0.01;CHO,LDL of group E were all increased, the differences of which were statistically significant that P was less than 0.01.Comparing with group D,GLU,BUN,CHO,TG of group C were all increased, the differences of which were statistically significant that P was less than 0.01;BUN,CHO,LDL of group B were all decreased,but HDL was increased, the differences of which were statistically significant that P was less than 0.01;BUN,TG,HDL of group E were all decreased, the differences of which were statistically significant that P was less than 0.01.After 28 days feeding, the blood results were analyzed statwastically. Comparing with group A,MCV,MCHC of group C were all significantly decreased,but RDW,PLT,PCT,MPV,WBC were all significantly increased, the differences of which were statistically significant that P was less than 0.05;HCT,MCV,MCH,PCT of group D were all significantly decreased,but RDW,PLT were all significantly increased the differences of which were statistically significant that P was less than 0.05;the MCV,MCH of group C were all increased, the differences of which were statistically significant that P was less than 0.05; all of the above indicators of group E, the differences of which were statistically significant that P was less than 0.05.Comparing with group D,RBC,HGB,HCT,MCV,MCH of group E were all increased,but PLT,PCT,MPV,PDW were all decreased, the differences of which were statistically significant that P was less than 0.05;HCT,MCV,MCH of group C were all increased,but PLT,PCT,MPV,PDW were all decreased, the differences of which were statistically significant that P was less than 0.05;HCT,MCV,MCH,RBC,HGB of group B were all increased,but RDW,PLT,PCT,MPV,WBC were all decreased, the differences of which were statistically significant that P was less than 0.01;MCV,MCH,RDW,PLT,PCT,MPV,PDW,WBC of group A were all decreased,but RBC,HGB were all increased, the differences of which were statistically significant that P was less than 0.01.3 All the animals were compared between the thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta,the results showing that:HE staining of Thoracic and abdominal aorta of A group of guinea pigs is showed the smooth and complete endomembrane and integrated Endothelial cells. It also shows that there is no cell aggregation lower endothelial cells and thickened endomembrane. Elastic lamina is dense, full, smooth and of cylindrical ring distribution. The nucleus of medial smooth muscle layer is regularly oval. Its longitudinal axis and smooth muscle are of the same directions. Each of the elastic fibers is dense,regular and of the concentric circles-like distribution.The fat tissue can be usually found in adventitial loose connective tissue,and sometimes red blood cells. The results of Masson staining show that the light green collagen fibers are scattered in the mesolamella.The layers of elastic fibers of the mesolamella are regular,dense and of concentric circles-like distribution. The external elastic plate is full, smooth and concentric circles-like distribution.Compared with those of A group,HE staining of Thoracic and abdominal aorta of guinea pigs of B group showed that artery endomembrane is smooth and complete,and endothelial cells were also integrated. There is no cell aggregation lower endothelial cells and slight thickened endomembrane. The nucleus of medial smooth muscle layer is no longer regularly oval,but large and round cells increased slightly.Their directions of longitudinal axis and smooth muscle are not consistent any more. External elastic plate is loose and occasionally breaking. The results of Masson staining showed that there was a slight decrease on the light green collagen fibers of mesolamella.The layers of elastic fibers of the mesolamella are less regular,less dense and of concentric circles-like distribution.The external elastic plate is full and smooth.Compared with those of A group, HE staining of Thoracic and abdominal aorta of C group of guinea pigs shows that there is more thickened endomembrane.The smooth muscle cells of the muscle layer become much larger, more rounded and are arranged in disorder apparently.There is more fracture in the Middle layer elastic plate, which is usually more serious.External elastic plate is more loose and shows fracture.The fat tissue can be usually found in adventitial loose connective tissue,and more red blood cells. The results of Masson staining show that there is a clear decrease on the light green collagen fibers of mesolamella. The structures of the layers of elastic fibers of the mesolamella are loose and disordered. The external elastic plate is loose and shows fracture.The group D was at the condition that the animals was not given VC by people with high fat diet,glycerin trimyristate,total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein all significantly increased,while the total number of platelets were notably higher,and volume of platelet increased remarkably, while the total number of red blood cells and total hemoglobin decreased markedly, which suggested that the blood viscosity,platelet aggregation and clotting tendency increase, and the ability of combining blood with oxygen descended,which may let endothelial cell damage and cause the subcutaneous tissue of hypoxic injury, thus it may promoted the occurrence of atherosclerosis.The group E is on the condition that the one was given VC was fed high fat diet and given injection of large doses of VC to abdomina cavity, glycerin trimyristate,total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein were significantly lower than D, while the total number of platelets decreased significantly, and platelet volume remarkable reduced, while the total number of red blood cell and hemoglobin were significantly higher,the above quotas were all close to normal value of A (P>0.05), the difference was not statistically significant. It revealed that massive dose of VC could correct blood viscosity, platelet aggregation and increasing of clotting tendency which were raised high fat diet by people and enhance the capacity of combing oxygen with blood, let the damaging of endothelial cell decrease and descend the hypoxic damage of the subcutaneous tissue, and thus help prevent the occurrence of atherosclerosis.After 28 days feeding, the blood results analyzed statistically. The results show that The group D was on the condition that the one was not kept VC by people was fed high fat diet resulted in RBC count, HGB were significantly decreased and it made D have the symptoms of anemia, PLT count increase notably and MPV raise up, the body seem to be in a high coagulation.DiscussionBlood biochemical test results show that:group C and group D have similar levels of consumption less and weight loss. Comparing group A, blood glucose of group C significantly increased,but TG,CHO,LDL also increased but not significantly.However completely contrarily, blood glucose of group D significantly decreased,but TG, CHO, LDL increased significantly (P<0.01).It Showed that in the same conditions of without the VC, typical high-fat diet can lead to hyperlipidemia.This met the Chinese micro-phlegm syndrome indicators. Group C levels of consumption less and weight loss did not change significantly. CHO, LDL, TG, HDL increased significantly.Group D that is,without intaking of VC and high fat feeding, TG, CHO and LDL significantly increased,and this meet the Chinese micro-phlegm syndrome indicators.And PLT and MPV signifycantly increased. While the total number of RBC and HGB decreased significantly.This shows blood viscosity, platelet aggregation, blood clotting tendency increased,and the capability of blood carrying oxygen droped.This may lead to endothelial cell damagement,and within the subcutaneous tissue of hypoxic injury. This met the Chinese micro-phlegm syndrome indicators. Thus this promoted the occurrence of atherosclerosis.Group E that is, with intaking of VC and high fat feeding,and at the same time intraperitoneal-ly injecting with large doses of VC, comparing group D,TG significantly decreased.This showed that large doses of VC can affect the lipid metabolism, particularly promoting the metabolism of TG.This showed large doses of VC could reduce the Chinese micro-phlegm syndrome indicators. The total number of platelets significantly decreased, platelet volume was significantly reduced,but the total number of red blood cell count and hemoglobin were significantly higher. These indicators of group A are close to normal(P>0.05), the difference was not significant.It suggested large dose of VC could correct fat blood viscosity, platelet aggregation, clotting tendency caused by diet increased. And it also suggested large dose of VC could increase the capacity of carrying blood oxygen,and endothelial cell damagement and hypoxic injury of within the subcutaneous tissue could be reduced. This showed large doses of VC could reduce the Chinese micro-phlegm syndrome indicators. Thus this promoted the occurrence of atherosclerosis.Conclusion1 Guinea pigs breeding lack of vitamin C can lead to appears consistent with aortic atherosclerotic lesions of early pathological changes.2 guinea pigs given lack of vitamin C and high-fat diet can lead to hyperlipidemia and cytology consistent with changes in blood stasis syndrome and aortic atherosclerosis appears consistent with phlegm and evidence of early disease pathology,and the degree was more important.3 Initially establishing the guinea pig model of atherosclerosis which was closer to human atherosclerotic lesions.4 Initially recognizing the role of vitamin C can prevent early atherosclerosis formation of phlegm and sputum. |
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