| Objectives:The effects of rTMS on depression, including behavior and biochemistry, were investigated in the present article. The objectives of the study were to constitute steady and effective animal model of depression and observe the changes of the behavior of LH rats and β1, β2-adrengergic receptor mRNA expression of hippocampus in LH rats and to investigate the effects of rTMS on depressive behaviors and its molecular mechanism.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220 to 250g were house in plastic cages in a room maintaining at 12-h light-dark circle for a week. Food and water were provided ad libitum. Then deliver a 40 min session of 0.8mA inescapable foot-shock, consisting of single shocks and inter-shock times ranging form 5 to 15s randomized by computer. Total shock duration was 20 min. After twenty-four hours, 15 shocks lasting 60s each were applied. The current was accompanied by a light clue close to the lever to facilitate detection of the lever and discrimination to the inescapable shock session. Rats could stop a trial by pressing the lever. More then 10 failures were accepted as learned helplessness. The forced swimming test was performed to detect the behavior of LH rats. RT-PCR was used to observe the changes of β1, β2-adrenergic receptor mRNA expression of hippocampus in LH rats.Results:Experiment 1: Compared to the control group, the motionless time of the forced swimming test increased in LH rats and the levels of β1, β2-adrengergic receptor mRNA of hippocampus increased significantly in LH rats. |
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