Song Dynasty National Forest Management Study

The forest resources have important economic value. Our state attached importance to the forest management and operation in past dynasties. The commodity economy was flourishing in Song Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty was the times that society reforms greatly. The Song Dynasty attached importance to the forest management and operation particularly, which was be regarded as an important aspect of fiscal revenue in Song Dynasty. This paper discusses on the state forest management and operation system in Song Dynasty, the main goal is, through studies of the forest resources type, the forest resources production and procurement, the bamboo and wood tax, the transportation of forest purchases, the forest resources consumption, the management installation, the manage and protect system, explore the new features of the state forest management and operation, the analysis will help us know the significant meaning on the forest management and operation of Chinese ancient.The paper can be divided into six following parts mainly:The first part, "the preface", mainly introduces the research on state storehouse in present condition, the paper research foundation and the train of thought.The second part, "the basic situation of the forest management and operation before Song Dynasty", introduce the basic situation of the forest management and operation before Tang Dynasty in the first time briefly, mainly introduce the basic situation of the forest management and operation in Tang Dynasty, to compare with the Song Dynasty.The third part, "the forest manage and product activities of the state ", mainly through studies of the forest resources distribution, the forest resources type and the forest resources production and consumption. In this part, we put emphasis on the forest resources production and procurement, the transportation of forest purchases and the forest resources consumption, through three research emphasis, analyze the concrete operational situation of state forest resources. The demand and consumption of forest was very large, the procurement source of forest was diversify, the main way was the headrope transports, the bamboo and wood tax was higher, in addition, the consumption patterns were varied.The fourth part, "the management and protection of the state forest resources", mainly introduce the regulatory agencies and the management and protection system. The forest regulatory agencies formed a network system from central to local in Song Dynasty. All previous governments implemented policies to encourage planting trees. The forest protection legal provisions were tended to be completed. And there were a reward and punishment system for those relevant officials.The fifth part, "the new features of the state forest management and operation", compared with the Tang Dynasty, some new features of the state forest management appeared. The concrete behaviour is around: (1) The Song Dynasties attached importance to the forest planting seriously. (2) The bamboo and wood tax was be regarded as an important aspect of fiscal revenue in Song Dynasty. (3) The forest regulatory agencies were gradually tended to specialization. (4) The felling procedures were standardization. (5) The forest protection legal provisions were tended to be completed. (6) The forest management and operation was significantly opened, which was tended to be market-oriented. At the same time, the paper analyzes the reasons of the new features.The final part, "summary", which summarizes this paper, mainly highlights the primary idea of this paper intention. The primary idea of this paper intention is that the forest management and operation of Song Dynasty is the turning point in the history of forestry development. During this period, the state forest management and operation both inherited from the former dynasties and had new developments.