Prepared By Liquid Phase Rutile Of Tio <sub> 2 </ Sub> And Titanate Nanostructures

Titania dioxide is a polymorphic compound which has three phases:rutile,anatase, brookite,of which,rutile is the most thermodynamically stable phase.Rutile TiO₂ has been used in pigment,plastic,construction and cosmetic fields owing to its good light effect, nontoxicity and chemical inertness.Recently,rutile TiO₂ was synthesized by various methods with some raw materials,and the mechanism of its formation was explained from the point of view of chemistry.Although some properties of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide have been reported,further studies are required to put them into more wide-ranging application.In this work,Titania(TiO₂) particles were prepared by the sol-hydrothermal method with titanium (â…£) n-butoxide as raw materials and nitric acid aqueous solution as the peptizer.The influences of various reaction conditions,such as peptizing agent concentration,peptization time,hydrothermal temperature and precipitating conditions,on the crystalline phase and morphology of particleswere studied.Under room temperature(about 25℃),the precipitation from intense hydrolyzation via peptization processing for 6 or 15 hours with 0.6 mol/L nitric acid aqueous solution and hydrothermal reaction at 200℃for 12 h,rod-like rutile-type TiO₂ particles can be obtained,and well-dispersed particles can be obtained after peptization processing for 6 h.With simultaneous hydrolyzation and peptization(under nitric acid aqueous solution),the resulting particles are spherical anatase due to the significant effects of the precipitation conditions on the crystalline phase,and the morphology.One-dimensional nanosize materials derived from TiO₂,such as nanotubes,nanowires and nanorods,have extensively been investigated for potential application,including photocatalysis,solar cells,electrochmical capacitors,and lithium-ion-battery materials and so on,because of their peculiar properties.Over the past few years,many different methods of fabricating 1D TiO₂-related materials have been successfully employed,among which, hydrothermal treatment is capable of good crystalline formation,large scale production, cost-effective and environmentally innocuous route.Presently,though many groups have gain prominence,there is still much problem.For example,stability is a intractable problem.The information about the structure of the synthesized nanostrucmres is still tmclear despite intensive investigations.Some attempts have been dedicated to the formation mechanism of Titania nanotubes(TNTs),but an explicit explanation is unavailable because the chemical structure of TNTs is still controversial.In this work,hydrogen titanate nanorods by the reaction of rod-like rutile TiO₂ with NaOH solution under hydrothermal conditions were obtained.The samples for heat treatment at different temperature were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra and we studied the thermal stability of the nanorods and propose a sort of reaction mechanism.In this paper,2D nanotube array film was also fabricated via anodization process in electrolytes containing HF and acetic acids and analyzed.