Preparation And Characterization Of Nano-thermite

Propellant is composite energetic materials, which is energy sources unfolding the propulsion; which is the power supply of the rocket and guide missle engine. The performance of solid propellant effect the operation efficiency and survivability of missile weapon, the high energy solid propellant is the technical basis of the research of high energy missile weapon system. Owing to the fact that quantum size effect, superficial effect and macroscopic quantum tunnel effect, which lead to huge surface and many superficial activated centers, nanoparticles as combustion catalyst have a good application foreground in the solid propellant. In this thesis, a series of nanocomposite oxides and some composite were prepared and characterized. Main results of this thesis are as follows:1. Nanocrytalline Fe₂O₃,NiO,MgO and CuO were prepared, because these mono-metal oxides are usually used in propellants, and characterized method by XRD,SEM,TG and IR, results indicated that the nanocrystalline Fe₂O₃ powders were prepared with relatively uniform particle size and shape, the range of particle size of Fe₂O₃ is 50-100 nm; the nanocrystalline NiO powders are sphere, the range of particle size of NiO is 50-200 nm with an irregular shape; the nanocrystalline MgO powders is sphere with a regular shape, the range of particle size is 50-200 nm; the nanocrystalline CuO powders is cube and a few sphere, the range of particle size is 50-200 nm. Nanometer Fe₃O₄ was prepared by coprecipitation, but the results show that the preparation is Fe₂O₃.2. Nanometer Fe₂O₃/Al,NiO/Al and MgO/Al were prepared by sol-gel synthetic approach and characterized. The results show that Fe₂O₃/Al nanometer powders were fully crystallized, and the powders are uniform sphere and smaller crystal size, the particle size is 50 nm; The impurity NiO/Al prepared with an irregular shape; The MgO/Al powders were prepared with an extremely irregular shape, and obviously agglomerates can be observed. At the same time, nano-aluminium used by experiment are analyzed, the results show that the particale size is large with obviously agglomerates.