| The concentrations of Cu , Cr , Cd , Pb and Hg in the water and in 9 species of fresh water animals, including Carassius auratus, Hypophthalmichthys molctrix ,Cyprinus carpio ,Parabramis pekiuensis,Mylopharyngodon piceus ,Pseudoperilampus lighti ,Eriocheir sinensis,Macrobrachium nipponease,Cipangopaludina cathayensis , collected from 3 different localities in Shanghai, were studied by an atomic absorption spectrometer. The results show that,in the water, only the content of Cu(17.79ug/L) exceeded National water quality criteria in fishery and in aquatic products. The content of Pb(0.76mg/L) in the liver of Carassius auratus in Pudong exceeded National food healthy criteria. As much as flesh, Cipangopaludina cathayensis had strongest concentration on Cu,Cr, Cd ,Hg ,whose enrichment coefficients were 1615,10250,8125,66842,respectively. Pseudoperilampus lighti had strongest concentration on Pb, whose enrichment coefficient was 412；The concentration of Cu in Macrobrachium nipponeas'gill was 40 times as many as that in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix's, whose enrichment coefficient is 2000；the concentration of Hg in Eriocheir sinensis' liver was 30 times as many as that in Eriocheir sinensis, whose enrichment coefficient is 1925；The concentration of Cr, Cd in Eriocheir sinensis and Macrobrachium nipponease was similar to Carassius auratus and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, in which the concentration of Pb is higher than that in the former. The content of Hg in flesh of fish is 1—3 times as many as in liver； The order of the content of the other 4 heavy metals in fish body is liver>gill>intestines>flesh；The contents of heavy metals in Carassius auratus,liver and intestines were higher than that in Hypophthalmichthys molctrix but lower in gill；Those differences are decided by their respective living habits. Statistical analyses were performed on the those contents of the 5heavy metals in the 9 species of fresh water animals and related aquatic environment. Significant correlations were observed between some pairs of these metals; Taking α=0.01 for the best significant correlations level, There were 5 pairs best significant correlations: Cu-Cr,Cd-Cr,Pb-Cr,Hg-Cr,Hg-Cd；Enrichment of heavy metals may occur in fresh water animals as indicated by the enrichment coefficients of 5 heavy metals, ranging from 273.8 to 7454 in the 9 species of fresh water animals. We compared the average enrichment coefficients ,the result was āHg>āCr>āCd>āCu>āPb;Because āHg and āCr were higher than 4000, so Hg and Cr were high enrichment elements;Because āCd was 1000.4, so Cd was the median enrichment element; Because āCu and āPb were less than 400, Cu and Pb were the low enrichment elements.We studied the acute toxicity of Zn, Cd and the effects of Cadmium on activities of SOD and CAT in the hepatopancreas of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and the protective role of GSH, Zn on toxicity caused by Cd.The result shew, the 96 hours median lethal concentrations of Cd,Zn on Macrobrachium rosenbergii were 0.115mg/L,0.68mg/L. The activities of SOD and CAT firstly increased from 3.174471 to 6.315494357,152.2704692 to 282.3129086 respectively after 0-2 hours of injection of Cd and then decreased from 5.018454826 to 5.089585894,184.258906 to 165.0625934 respectively after 2-4 hours of injection of Cd and slightly decreased with 4-6 hours of injection of Cd; Compared with injection of Zn+Cd and injection of GSH＋Cd group, the activities of SOD,CAT were lower; We also studied the toxic effect of Cd on the ultrastructure of hepatopancreas in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The result shew, Chromatin broke into pieces which dispersed around the irregular nucleus, nuclear outer member disintegrated; Mitochondria condensed, cristae of which disintegrated partly; The endoplasmic reticulum dilated, vesiculated, gradually disintegrated; A great number of dense granules appeared in the cell. To sum up: Enrichment of heavy metals in Eriocheir sinensis, Macrobrachium nipponease, Cipangopaludina cathayensis is obviou... |
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