Zhejiang Ambient Air Fluoride Emission Standards

Fluoride is an important pollutants in environmental atmosphere, with its unique toxicity more than 20 times than SO 2.The affects of fluoride to Ecological System are multi-respects, and fluoride is all harmful to plants, animals and Human Beings. In China, the mulberry-feeding silkworm fluoride poison in HangliaHu district, the domestic animals fluoride poison in Baotou and the orchard of plums fluoride poison in Chaoshan Zone had all caused great economical loses once. It become urgent to formulate a practical regional fluoride emission standard in order to protect the crops, silkworm and domestic animals sensitive to fluoride and also necessary to ensure safety of agriculture,aninial husbandry etc. This paper reviewed poisoning mechanism and external symptom of fluoride to different plants, anin~als and Human Beings, and analyzed fluoride distributing condition and injuring affection in cereal crops and vegetables,in the end put forward new classification: the first degree standard to protect the crops, silkworm and domestic animals sensitive to fluoride in sensitive district such as sericultural district,pastoral area and the sensitive area of agriculture and forest; the second degree standard to protect cereal crops, economical crops, vegetables and forest in common agricultural district or forest zone; the third standard is to ensure human? health in the city proper. Because the harm of fluoride in environmental atmosphere to animals and humans is mainly caused by the preceding grade-plants in food chain, it is necessary to research the accumulation law in the different organs 57 (mainly foliage) of airborne fluoride and make clear t he relationships under varied conditions of photo illumination, temperature, precipitation and etc. It also put forward fluoride accumulation models in foliar leaves. Fluoride in environmental atmosphere is essential origin froip the combustion of soil, fluorite and fuel coal. The content, origin and e~dting formation of fluoride in soil has indispensable significance to fluoride in ecological cycle. This paper also probe into the fluoride releasing law in soil, fluoride began to release when heated up to 600 0C ,and the discharge coefficient reach maximum in brick kiln 54.3% at 800-100CC. This paper clarify the contributing factors of fluoride air pollution in such departments as iron and steel works, thennal power plant, phosphate fertilizer, electrolytic aluminum, casting, brick-kiln, cement and etc. On the foundation of analyzing fluoride polluting sources in each region of Zhejiang province, point out the principal reason of fluoride pollution is caused by building material departments as brick-kiln and cement,and fluoride polluting sources are mainly accumulated in Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Quzhou 6 cities. Due to different principals and units of two air fluoride sampling -lime treated filter paper technique ~LTP) and filer membrane dynamic technique, and different results of LTP in different sampling periods, two techniques need exchange precisely. On the base of analyzing polluting meteorological factors as atmospheric steady degree, diffusing parameter, wind velocity, altitude of blending layer, inversion in each zones in Zhejiang province, define the numerical values of such parameters as average wind velocity, wind velocity power index and exhaust lifting height etc.By the formulation of...