Research On Microwave Scattering Properties Of Oil Spill Based On Experimental Method

With the increasing demand for energy and the over-exploitation of land oil resources, the exploitation of crude oil gradually turns to the ocean. At the same time, the use of large oil tankers becomes a major means to transport industrial oils. However, when oil drilling platforms and oil tankers face major accident, oil spill will cause devastating harm to ocean ecology and the natural environment.It is necessary to make sure some important parameters such as the size of oil spills and the type of oil spills before we treat to the disasters. There are several methods for oil spill detection, mainly including optical detection and microwave remote sensing. Microwave remote sensing method is not limited to weather conditions, and can even work in the night, has been widely used.Sea surface capillary-gravity waves play a major contribution to microwave scattering. When sea surface is covered by oil film, it can be dampened by the surface tension of oil and reduces the scattering of microwave. It will cause dark area in the radar image. This is the theoretical basis of microwave remote sensing to detect oil spills.This paper studies the oil spill detection by means of experiments and carries out some theoretical analysis. The study refers to the sea clutter under different conditions. By using the Monte Carlo method, we model the rough sea surface. By using the wave spectrum the rough sea surface has been simplified. Then the existing oil spill models have been analyzed in depth.Finally, this paper designed a series of indoor simulation experiments and outdoor scattering experiments which achieved certain results. In laboratory experiments, we used different wavelengths of electromagnetic waves with different polarization to measure oil samples with different thickness by different wind speed and direction. In the harbor scattering experiments, we used different bands of different polarization of electromagnetic waves to measure the sea surface at different wind speeds, and lay diesel samples on the sea, simulated oil spill in case of a real sea. During the indoor and outdoor experiments we obtained a large amount of measured data for future theoretical research.