Research On Water Pollution Emergency Simulation And Disposal Of Fenhe Reservoir

In recent years, with the continuous development of the regional economy,basin water pollution incidents occured frequently, which not only posed a threatto the water environment safety of downstream, but also brought a large oflosses to the social economy. Our emphasis for sudden water pollution incidentshave increased since Songhua River benzene pollution accident happened in2005. At present, concerns of domestic and foreign on water pollution incidentsfocused on the study of marine oil spill incidents, and the investigation on waterpollution incidents occurred in river basin especially in the reservoir was lessremarked. As the largest reservoir in Shanxi Province, Fenhe Reservoir bearsimportant responsibility of supplying water for Taiyuan. It has the largestdrinking water quantity and supply range in Shanxi Province. Once the waterpollution incident occurred, it will have a tremendous negative impact.Nowadays, water pollution incidents happened frequently. Therefore, study onwater pollution emergency simulation and emergency disposal of Fenhereservoir is significant. The study relyed on Shanxi Natural Science Foundation,and selected Fenhe reservoir as the research object, based on the fieldreconnaissance, data collection and understanding of the natural environment. The investigation identified watershed sources from three angles such asstationary source, mobile source and basin source. Then, all pollutionemergencies were divided into different scenarios using scenario analysismethod. And the research constructed a shallow water flow model in order tosimulate the migration diffusion laws of the excessive pollutants of waterpollution incidents under different scenarios. The study can provide data andtheoretical work basis for developing emergency monitoring program anddetermining emergency disposal direction when the water pollution incidentsoccurred. The main results are as follows:(1) Digital processing. The surroundings profiles of Fenhe Reservoir weremastered through field reconnaissance and data collection. The coordinates ofthe edge point were determined with GPS positioning technology and remotesensing images data. Then the reservoir boundary conditions were digitized.Based on the engineering and other technical data, the terrain was processedusing the computer technology. Time series of import and export traffic,evaporation and rainfall were generated.(2) Potential sources of water environment risk identification. According tothe survey results, combined with the analysis of surrounding environment andoperation mode of the reservoir, the sources of the Fenhe reservoir wereidentified from three categories such as stationary source, mobile source andwatershed source. The results show that there are three main risks sources of riskaround reservoir, the first is industrial pollution source, and the second is the traffic risk source, and the third is the risk of diversion project source.(3) Construction of hydrodynamic-water quality model. According to theanalysis of natural structure and properties of reservoir, and relying onhydrodynamic and water quality modules, two-dimensional shallow water flowmodel was constructed. The model lay the foundation for the study of thedispersal law of water pollution incidents.(4) Simulation. Using scenario analysis method, and regarding the pollutiontype and the driving force as the main factors, twelve cases were set for waterpollution incidents. A variety of situations were simulated by establishedtwo-dimensional shallow water flow model, in order to reveal trends and spatialdistribution of pollutants in each scenario, also provide basis for decision ofemergency monitoring and emergency response making.(5) Emergency measures. Based on recognition and simulation results ofthe environmental risk source, the emergency monitoring and disposal ofreservoir water pollution incidents were analysed and researched. Then somemeasures were proposed exploratory such as monitoring procedures, methodsand strategies after the incident and the emergency disposal methods ofhazardous organic compounds, heavy metals, biological pollution, and thesubsequent long-term ecological restoration building measures.