The Study On Safe Synthesis And Performance Of Hydrazinium Nitroformate

Hydrazinium nitroformate(HNF) is a kind of salt synthesized from the reaction of nitroform and hydrazine, and it is a strong oxidant with weak hygroscopic ability at the natural condition for the application in the manufacture of propellant.In this paper, the key intermediate nitroform was synthesized from 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine(DHP) as raw material, which was characterized by methods of NMR, MS and FTIR. And after the reaction of nitroform and hydrazine hydrate, neat HNF was obtained. The structure and morphology of HNF was characterized by characterization methods of NMR, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TG and DSC. In addition, the thermal performance, compatibility and sensitivity of HNF were researched.In the synthesis of HNF, the yield of NF was 65.2% and that of HNF was 55% in the optimal synthetic process. In order to study the thermal decomposition kinetics and thermal safety of neat HNF, the results showed that the data of VST results that outgassing amount met the standards with good thermal stability. And according to the curves of TG-DTG, thermal decomposition of HNF had two stages that the first stage belonged to random nucleation and subsequent growth, An, JMA(2) mechanism and the second stage belonged to random nucleation and subsequent growth, n=2 mechanism. And kinetic parameters, thermodynamic parameters and thermal safety parameters were obtained by Kissinger’s, Zhang-Hu-Xie-Li method and the data of DSC. In the testing of sensitivity of HNF, the results demonstrated that the mechanical sensitivity of HNF was high. In the compatibility of HNF with other materials, hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) had the best compatibility with HNF, glycidyl azide polymer(GAP) and P-tetrahydrofuran(THF)-3,3-Bis(azidomethyl)oxetane (BAMO) had good compatibility with HNF, trinitrotoluene(TNT), cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine(RDX), cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine(HMX) and aluminum(Al) had good compatibility with HNF, while ammonium perchlorate(AP), RDX/Al/graphite(C) and NG were incompatible with HNF. Comparing to the performance of formula with HNF and AP as oxidizing agents, the result showed that the composite explosive with HNF as oxidizing agent had more energy than that with AP, so HNF had higher selective superiority than AP as oxidizing agent applied in rocket propellant.