Preparation And Study On The Fire Behavior Of Flame Retard Ant Polyurethane Phase Change Energy Storage Material

In order to make the polyurethane material to have two kinds function of flame retardant and heat preservation at the same time,with POCl3 as coupling agent, PEG as the phase change energy storage materials,we put PEG inarching in polyether polyol on the skeleton,and reacted with isocyanate,and then achieved to a new type of the flame retardant polyurethane phase change energy storage materials(P/PEG-PUF) from the molecular structure design of the polyurethane material.We achieved the purpose of the polyurethane materials containing the better performances of flame retardant and insulation by the adding of PEG and flame retardant P element,and put forward an effective new method of reducing the fire risk of polyurethane materials with thermal insulation properties.The main results were as follows:1. With POCl3 as coupling agent, PEG as the phase change energy storage materials, we put PEG inarching in polyether polyol on the skeleton,and reacted with isocyanate,and then achieved a new type of P/PEG-PUF.Then the structure and the performance of the polyurethane material were investigated.(1) By the apparent density of the polyurethane material,it found that the energy storage material PEG600 had no effect on apparent density, and the introduction of the flame retardant P element affected the pore structure of polyurethane material,and improved the apparent density.(2) The chemical properties of the polyurethane material were studied by FTIR. The results found that the new special absorption peaks in P/PEG-PUF ware appeared,the old peaks were disappeared or offseted.It showed that we put PEG inarching in polyether polyol on the skeleton by POCl3 successfully,and changed the molecular structure of P/PEG-PUF, which had two functions of the thermal insulation and flame retardant at the same time.(3) The result of analysis of thermal conductivity show that the introduction of the flame retardant P element had no obvious impact on thermal properties of P/PEG-PUF,and the introduction of PEG decreased the heating rate and thermal conductivity.(4) TG was used to evaluated the thermal stability of P/PEG-PUF.It is found that due to the addition of flame retardant P element and PEG, the initial decomposition temperature and the reaction temperature of maximum decomposition rate of the polyurethane materials were reduced,and the terminate temperature was raised,and the char yield was greatly increased, and the thermal stability was better, and improved the flame retardant properties of polyurethane materials.2. Testing the flame retardant and smoke performance of P/PEG-PUF through LOI, horizontal vertical combustion, smoke density,and studied on fire behavior of P/PEG-PUF by the contenting of PEG and flame retardant P element.(1) PEG had no affect on the properties of the smoke and flame retardant.(2) With the increase of flame retardant P element,the LOI of P/PEG-PUF was increased, and the horizontal burning rate was reduced, the burning level was enhanced.It showed that the addition of flame retardant P element could improve the flame retardant properties of P/PEG-PUF,and reduced the fire hazard.(3) With the increase of flame retardant P element,the SDR and MSD of P/PEG-PUF were increased.It showed that the addition of flame retardant P element could increase the amount of smoke.3. Kissinger method and Ozawa method were used to study on the thermal degradation kinetics of pure polyurethane material and the P/PEG-PUF.(1) The apparent activation energy of P/PEG-PUF was much lower than the activation energy of pure polyurethane material,and the refers to the former factor decreased 28 orders of magnitude.It showed that the P/PEG-PUF had phosphorus structure,and maked the P/PEG-PUF easy to thermal degradation,and produced carbon layer,and increase the residual volume,and then improved the flame retardant properties.(2) The apparent activation energy of P/PEG-PUF was almost the same through Kissinger equation and Ozawa equation calculation.It showed that the thermal degradation reaction of P/PEG-PUF in line with the assumption of the thermal degradation reaction of Kissinger equation and Ozawa equation.4. Study on fire behavior of P/PEG-PUF by the cone calorimeter comprehensively.(1) Compared with pure polyurethane material, the P/PEG-PUF was less likely to be ignited, and had more residual amount,and reduced the heat release rate.It showed that the introduction of the P element reduced the hot fire danger,and improved the flame retardant properties.(2) Compared with pure polyurethane material, the P/PEG-PUF had more smoke volume, and delayed the time of the initial released smoke and reached the maximum total smoke release.It showed that the introduction of the flame retardant P element increased the fire escape time in the early, but increased the total amount of smoke.(3) Compared with pure polyurethane material,the P/PEG-PUF had more CO and C02,and the COP at the beginning of the fire was almost to zero, and extended the time of reaching pkCOP and pkC02P,and increased the amount of poisonous gas.It showed that the introduction of the flame retardant P element increased the fire escape time in the early,and increased the toxicity of smoke.(4) Due to the introduction of flame retardant P element, the FGI reduced from 16.02 to 5.12.