Ecosystem Recovery Mode On The Loess Plateau

Extensive mode of economic growth appeared since the 1950 s in China with low production and business operation level and little scale of production. The characters of high investment, high energy consumption, high pollution and low efficiency of extensive mode of economic growth destroyed the ecological balance and caused a vicious cycle of agriculture.For instance, extensive cultivation and little conservation in planting, much forest harvesting and little afforestation in forestry, and overload overgrazing in animal husbandry.Unreasonable use of natural resources and overall deterioration of the ecological environment,as well as soil and water loss, desertification, water and air pollution with ecological function degeneration of forest, grassland and wet land have become the main obstacles to rural economic development in our country. As a set of technology system, ecosystem recovery mode on the Loess Plateau with its wide range of promotion and application in similar region were significant to speed up the development and lay the foundation of sustainable development on the loess plateau. This paper based on the basis conditions of our country,closely combined the actual conditions of ecosystem restoration on the Loess Plateau,analyzed the ecosystem recovery mode of economy development on the Loess Plateau and obtained the main conclusions as follows:With the increasingly prominent of economic and ecological problem, ecological economy is gradually become a hot topic in the academic circle. To explore the correct path of developing ecological economy in our country and to solve difficulties and possible challenges in the development process, we must firstly understand the connotation of ecological economy. This paper combined the theory and construction practice of ecosystem recovery mode on the Loess Plateau at home and abroad and summarized development experiences of ecosystem recovery mode of economic development. Additionally, we screen and concluded different ecosystem recovery mode s of economic development, conformed the content and aim of ecosystem recovery mode according to regional natural, historical, social and economical conditions. Finally, we summarized the concept of ecosystem recovery mode.Our country has suffered heavy losses owing to various ecological disasters induced by ecological degradation; ecological destruction exacerbates poverty and affects social stability.This paper summarized the characteristics of ecosystem restoration and reconstruction in recent 40 years in our country: 1. More attention was paid on practice than theory researches 2.Pay attention to artificial reconstruction research, with a special focus on recovery effective plant community model tests and relatively ignore the study of natural recovery process 3. A lot of focus on the research of ecosystem degradation after the biological pathways such asforest logging damaged and under the disturbance of grazing grassland, especially the artificial reconstruction research of forest vegetation 4. Pay attention to the quickness and short-term characters of restoration and reconstruction 5. Pay attention to the research of plant diversity and microclimate change in the process of recovery, relatively ignoring the study of soil organisms(especially microbial) 6. More ecological benefits and evaluation on restoration and reconstruction, especially artificial plantation reconstruction efficiency,lacking of comprehensive evaluation on functions and structures of ecosystem restoration and reconstruction 7. More attention was paid on the ecological process of restoration and reconstruction in resent years.This paper took the ecological environment features of the northern Shaanxi and Guyuan area into consideration based on the classification of ecosystem restoration and reconstruction and put forward the principle of vegetation restoration and reconstruction. We also put forward the key technology of recovery and reconstruction and mode based on regional function and characteristics of investment body, strategic planning, organization structure,operation and management mechanism. Finally, we divided the ecosystem restoration and reconstruction mode into 9 types: 1. Mode of grain to green on the top of hills and natural enclosing 2. Mode of slope recovery integrated assembly 3. Mode of water-saving agriculture4. Mode of erosion gully recovery 5. Mode of water harvested agriculture 6. Mode of four integration 7. Mode of courtyard economy 8. Mode of watershed comprehensive management9. Mode of Economic forest and fruiter.It will undoubtedly accelerate the technology popularization process of ecosystem restoration mode when we analyze. The factors affecting ecosystem recovery mode carefully based on theories of certain technology popularization, appropriate extension path and suitable promotion measures. Firstly, we should strengthen poverty relief by science and technology, and further strengthen the sustainable development. We should also enhance farmers qualities by various ways. Thirdly, we need grasp the operation and innovation mechanism accurately and perfect the evaluation and incentive mechanism, even earnestly implement relatively technology promotion laws. Finally, we should establish and improve the technical promotion service system and create a nice environment for the promotion to supply service for the development of economics and ecology and promote restoration of the ecosystems.