Nano-materials Design, Fabrication And Characterization

Nanomaterials are at least one dimension in the 100nm scale or by them as the basic unit of composition material. Nano-materials has quantum size effect, small size effect, surface effect and macroscopic quantum tunnel effect when the particle size into nanometer scale, which show many unique properties and has a broad application prospects. Therefore preparation and application of nano-materials become the research areas.In this paper, we have reviewed the previous research in nano-functional materials. By improving the experimental condition, using soft chemical synthesis and mild reaction condition route, with controllable reaction steps we designed the whole process of the experiment. Y(OH)₃:Eu nanotubes, ZnSe micro-hollow balls, Fe₃O₄ polyhedron were synthed. We attempt to prepare the function materials with the ZnSe micro-hollow balls, The properties of as-prepared samples are characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, EDS. The reaction mechanisms of part experiments were discussed . The main content of this paper includes the following components.Y(OH)₃:Eu nanotubes were synthesized in the reaction kettle at 200℃through 6h by using Y₂O₃, Eu2O3 as raw material and oleic acid, water, ethanol as solvent, And Y₂O₃:Eu nanotubes has been got through further processing. The products obtained are characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, EDS. The morphology influence of reaction conditions on Y(OH)₃: Eu nanotubes is analyzed. The reaction mechanism of Y(OH)₃: Eu nanotubes is discussed.ZnSe micro-hollow balls have been further developed on the basis of ZhangLi Hui. ZnSe micro-hollow balls were synthesized by using ZnSO₄·7H₂O and Na₂SeO₃ as raw materials at 160℃through 10h. We have studied the influence of EG and NaOH on the experiment and found out the optimal condition for synthing micro-hollow balls. The products obtained are characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM. The reaction mechanism of ZnSe micro-hollow balls is discussed. After successfully synthing ZnSe micro-hollow balls, we attempt to prepare the functional materials with core-shell structure.The polyhedron of Fe₃O₄ particles have been synthesized by using solvothermal method at 200℃. In the reaction system, FeCl₂·4H₂O, ammonium acetate act as precursors, and methanol, ethylenediamine, oleic acid and 9-octadecenoic act as solvents. The properties of as-prepared samples were characterized by TEM, XRD, SEM. The reaction conditions were studied in detail, and the reaction mechanism has also explained. The experimental data have certain experience to draw on for how to prepare large scale Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles.