Waterbirds Migration Behavior In Daytime In Lake Khanka National Nature Reserve In Spring

From March to April in both 2006 and 2007,all-occurrence recording and focus-sampling methods were used to observe migration of waterbird in spring in Longwangmiao Area of Lake Xingkai National Nature Reserve,by Principal Components Analysis,Regression Analysis and Cluster Analysis.The research results are as following:(1) We had recorded 6 orders,11 families and 41 species of migrating of waterbird in spring in Lake Xingkai Area. Among these species,there were with 3 families and 4 species Ciconiiformes,Anseriformes with 1 family and 25 species,Gruiformes with 2 families and 4 species,Charadriiformes with 3 families and 5 species,Pelecaniformes with 1 family and 1 species,and Podicipediformes with 1 family and 2 species.Anseriformes birds made up 61%in total species.The birds were mainly palaearctic patterns in distribution pattern,including 25 species,which constituted 61% in total surveys.The second cosmopolitan distribution pattern,birds were including 16 species, which constituted 39%in total investigations.(2) The migration peak period of wild geese and ducks appeared from March to April.The wild geese and whooper swans usually formed the migration peak between 9 a.m.and 11 a.m.,while the ducks usually began to migrate between 6p.m.and 7p.m..The migration peak period of crane appeared from March 26^th to 31^st and between 10:30 a.m.and 12:40 p.m.on April 3^rd.The migration peak period of heron appeared from March 30^th to April 2⁽nd(and between 3:30 p.m.and 4:00 p.m.on April 6^th.Most ducks migrated at night.In Lake Xingkai Area,the arrival orders of migration were:vegetable-eating waterbirds,water surface fish-eating waterbirds,and below water surface fish-eating waterbirds.(3) In Lake Xingkai Area,the most correlation climate factors of the migrating waterbirds was the change of thickness snow cover,and then was the height of cloud and the condition of the weather.Then was no evidence that the humidity and wind velocity had impantces on migration.And the wind direction had the least effect on it.When a lot of meteorology was not suitable for migrating,birds would return back.(4) The flying formation of migration water birds gradually changed the "—" into "∧" with the increasing quantity in the team.And comparing with the "—",the team usually formed the "∧".The team with juveniles was possibly to fly higher with circling through the landmark than the team without juveniles.In the migration team with mixed group,the body type and the flap-wing rate of mixing group were approaching the mixed group,and the flying height of migration birds had positive correlation with their body type.(5) Due to the limitation of feeding filed and sporing habitat,there were evident differentiations among the niches of stopover water birds.There were about 7 differentiated types in feeding behavior:lake-surface feeding behavior,river-surface feeding behavior,burnedland and farm feeding behavior,lake lower-level feeding behavior,river lower-level feeding behavior,omnivorous feeding behavior. There were also about 7 stopover types:lakeside mixed stopover,lakeside unmixed stopover, lake-surface mixed stopover,lake-surface unmixed stopover,burnedland stopover,riverside stopover,river-surface stopover.There were about 3 group types:mixed species group, homogenous species group,independent individual.