Semi-empirical Method Of High-energy Protons Incident Nuclear Reaction Fragments

The analysis on spallation product of proton-induced reaction with intermediate-high energy has its important applications, such as in astrophysics, biophysics, spallation neutron source, and accelerator-driven system etc.. In present paper, we introduced the images of physics process and models on proton induced nuclear reaction. On the analyses of the experiment methods of the reaction, we pointed out that independent data could not derive from traditional proton-accelerating experiments. In recent year, some theoretical models have been developed to investigate this reaction processes. We also introduce the extrapolated classic theory, the quantum molecule dynamic (QMD) plus statistical decay and fission models, the method of Mento-Carlo, especially the semi-empirical methods, which is one of main parts of this paper, for studying the data of spallation product, such as mass and charge distribution, formation cross section etc.. The comments on the four methods are given. We find out that extrapolated classic theory has its inherence defect, M-C and QMD do good job on this area, but their simulations rely on huge calculating, though semi-empirical methods are real-time solutions, but available work today is based on accumulative yields. With the help of MSDM calculating, we find out the independent mass distribution in spallation region could divide into energy depended and energy un-depended part. Based on such finding, we develop the semi-empirical methods and the new method could well re-produce the experiment data. After doing this, we analyzed different quick-process in proton induced reaction, and pointed out that such finding is reflect different stop time related with different impact parameter. We also come in to a conclusion that clarifying different quick-process or different stop time in detail is a key in advancing model calculation.