| The community diversity and ecological adaptation of Orthoptera in Daqinggou Nature Reserve of Inner Mongolia was studied during the period of July to October, 2002 and June to October, 2003. The paper studies mostly: the community structure of Orthoptera, fauna analysis, species diversity, similarity of insect community in different habitats, the analysis of ecological species group, and the origin and evolution of insect and plant community in Daqinggou Nature Reserve.According the difference of plant community in Daqinggou Nature Reserve, the environment was divided into 7 kinds of habitats, they are Fraxinus mandshurica plant community (Habitat A), Quercus mongolicus plant community (Habitat B), Ulmus macrocarpa plant community (Habitat C), conifer community (Habitat D), lakefront plant community (Habitat E), paddy field plant community (Habitat F) and grassplot plant community in sandlot (Habitat G). With the methods of systematic and random sampling, more than 2000 specimens were collected in 7 kinds of habitat, belonging to 3 superfamilies, 11 families, 30 genera and 48 species. Of the collected specimens, grasshopper has the most species accounting for 62.5% of the total species. Oedipodidae has the most species in grasshopper accounting for 16.7% of total species.The main fauna elements are Palearctic species. Oriental species only have 2 species. Special species is not found in this area. In the 7 types of habitats, habitat E has the most amounts of genus and species, but habitat D has the least. The author thinks the reason is that the complexity of the habitat decided the diversity of the insect community.The species relative abundance distribution can be well described by the model of log normal distribution. The insect species is very abundance and the distribution is very uniform. The studied results of species diversityshow that the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices of 7 types of habitats have the order: Habitat E> Habitat OHabitat F> Habitat A >Habitat D >Habitat G> Habitat B and the Pielou indices of evenness: Habitat E> Habitat D >Habitat F> Habitat A > Habitat B >Habitat G> Habitat C.According to the distribution of species and amount, the author makes a PCA analysis to the different habitats. The analysis of hierarchical cluster to different habitat is according to the distribution of species. According to the results of the two ways of analysis and the factual condition of environment, the environment of Daqinggou is divided into 3 types of habitat that are described as the hygric plant community in the bottom of ditch, xerophytic plant community in the top of ditch and single type plant community. In the 3 types of habitats, the first habitat has the superior condition of environment so that the diversity of it is very high. The clustering results of ecological species group classify 48 species as 3 types that are mesic group in the top of ditch, xerophytic group in the sandlot and hygric group in the bottom of ditch.This paper compared the similarity of the compositions of grasshopper species in Daqinggou, Xianghai Nature Reserve, Changling, Changbai Mountain, Daxinganling, and the Xilin River district. The results show that the similarity of the compositions of grasshopper species in Daqinggou and Xianghai, Changling are significantly higher than other areas. The plant community in Daqinggou is so similar with Xianghai and Changling in origin that the author thinks they have the common origin. The author think that the plant community in the above 3 area does not have the same origin with Changbai Mountain plant community and their origin is the temperate zone broadleaf forest before the Ice Age in Cenozoic.At last, the author gives some advice about the environmental protection and preventing the disaster of grasshopper. |
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