| With the development of the science , the intersecting and perversion of the optical and biology on another, a verge object (biology organizing optical) develop swiftly, it is a new pattern object offset related to the action of the optical radiation and biology organizing. We know that many qualities of light will be damage or weaken in different degree when the light transmits in the biology organizing. For instance, the direction of propagation of light will be random, and the polarization state will be changed. These changes relate with the qualities of the biology organizing and response the internal information of biology organizing. Our problem is how to extract the information and dispose properly. The mechanism of the action of the optical and biology organizing is very complex, it is not only related to the characteristic of the lightwave, but also to the structure of the biology organizing, physical chemistry and biology characteristic. The transmission of the optical in the field of the biology organizing has mainly two effect of the dispersion and absorbing, biology organizing is a kind of the high dispersion media, its dispersion coefficient is very big compared to the absorbing coefficient, so it can be treat as the turbid media.At the beginning of the study, forward scattering was studied widely. Furthermore, the theories in existence show that because of the turbid media' s non-homogeneous the qualities of light will be damaged mostly, especially, the polarized quality. Now, more and more experimentation prove that in the direction of 180 degree backscattering, scattering light show a good ability of keeping its polarized quality. So, it carries a lot of the internal information about the turbid media. Furthermore, the direction of 180 degree hasthe practicability because it can be detected easily. So it has the important meaning in the field of the theory and practice to study the character of 180 degree backscattering of the turbid media.The thesis includes five sections.The first part introduces simply the significance and the most new development of the backscattering.The second part introduce some basal concept example turbid media, scattering , backscattering quality and so on. It expresses the mathematic tools for the scattering, such as Stokes vector quantity and Mueller matrix. It shows the traditional backscattering Mueller matrix with the scattering coefficient and the extinction coefficient attributing the scattering quality.The third part the experiment system and its operating-principle. And then expresses the principle of measuring the 180 degree backscattering polarized characteristic of the turbid media detailedly. It gives Mueller matrix of all the elements in the experiment system, the mathematical representation for the reaction between the polarized light and the elements, the relation between the detected signal and the three scattering natural parameters, reflection power r, polarization-preserving ft and angle of rotation a .In the fifth part, we do the specific measurement to the five kinds of turbid media with different particle sizes. These conclusions can be got: (1) The particle sizes of turbid media can affect the parameters in different degree. (2) The reflection power r will decrease when the particle size of turbid media increases. (3) The polarization-preserving will raise when the. particle size of turbid media increase. (4) The angle of rotation a will increase when the particle size f turbid media increase, too. (5) The five kind ofturbid media all have definite polarization-preserving, so for the random particle size the 180 degree backscattering light of turbid media still have the ability to preserve primary polarization state of the incident light in extent. In the basis of this, we study how the concentration influence the backscattering of the turbid media with different particle sizes, using benzene suspension liquid and chloroform suspension liquid as the subjects. We can get the follows conclusion: (1) Three parameters of the two... |
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