The Bats Of Six Species Of Bat Echolocation, Acoustic Characteristics And Intraspecific Differences In A Comparative Study

The echolocation calls and foraging behavior of 6 species of bats (Vespertilionidae:Myotis daubentoni, Myotis ricketti, Myotis capaccinii, Myotis myotis , Miniopterus schreibersii parvipes and Pipistrellus abramus)were described and analyzed. The intra-species difference of echolocation calls recorded from the bats under different state and different sex were compared and studied, according to which, the function of the intra-species difference to the ecological behavior were presumed.1. The echolocation calls of the 6species of bats during flying are all composed of FM component, including 1-3 harmonics, among which the energy most concentrate to the first one, and the second one and the third one are often weak.The endemic species of China, Myotis ricketti emits echolocation calls with long duration , low duty cycle, wide. FM sweeping and interpulse intervocal ranging from 23.6 ms to 443.8ms. Myotis capaccinii use echolocation calls with short duration, long interpulse intervocal, wide FM sweeping and low duty cycle. Miniopterus schreibersii parvipes emits calls with short duration, long interpulse intervocal, narrow FM sweeping and low duty cycle. There are 5 species glean state insects from the watersurface and edge of woods in the 6 species except for the Myotis ricketti which catch the fish out of the water from the watersurface.2. There are some intra-species differences in the echolocation calls of Myotis daubentoni, Myotis ricketti, Myotis capaccinii, Miniopterus schreibersii parvipes and Pipistrellus abramus when they are in different state such as flying, being held, crawing and setting off.The intra-speciesdifferences of Myotis daubentoni, Myotis ricketti are most significant. These differences were analyzed to show that the echolocation calls will change greatly so as to adapt to the different flying style, foraging behavior and habitats of bats.3. The intra-species differences of the echolocation calls of Myotis myotis and Myotis ricketti between sexes were compared and analized, showing that there were no significant differences between sexes in Myotis ricketti. But the differences of echolocation calls betweens sexes in Mytis myotis are significant. The call durations of male Mytis myotis are much shorter than those of the female, but the mean values of interpulse intervocal are longer than those of female.The frequency difference between sexes can bring the information of age and sex of bats, and make an important role in the communication of bats.It also can make it much easier for a bat to recognize its own echo from the conspecific echo in the same area.4. There are individual differences in the Pipistrellus abramus infants, including the differences of echolocation calls structure, parameters and call repetition and so on, which can make the mother bats recognize their own infants among the infant bats colony and avoid the wrong lactation behavior.