| As is known to all, the most important problem relation to China's future is "Agriculture, Country and Farmers ",which is received urgent attention from the governments and farmers. In a word, the core of this problem is the farmers'low income. In its many factors, the main aspect is the inefficient financial service. The practice at home and abroad reveals that the farmer microcredit is a significant financial service fit to the rural area. The Bangladesh Country Bank is the earliest financial institutions which carry out the farmer microcredit loans to farmers successfully all over the world.As the unbalanced global financial service, especially for the apparent regional feature, some people and families are difficult to obtain their required financial service. The farmer microcredit loans are designed to solve the problem, which are custom made for those people with low income. In order to operate well, The farmer microcredit loans should has the following feature at least:small amount; clear procedure; easy operation; continuous service; timely and reliable transaction.The farmer microcredit loans is not only a financial activity, but also a financial development approach. In addition to provide financial service, nowadays most farmer microcredit loansinstitutions also cultivate customers' financial knowledge and provide economic and social development service. They divide customers to several groups, help them do some social activities and contribute to local economy and social development.In 1998 Chinese Vice-Premier Rong Ji Zhu inspect the Rural credit cooperatives at Wu Yuan of Jiang Xi province, who gave a high evaluation to Rural credit cooperatives. He pointed out that Rural credit cooperatives are the main force of rural finance and the financial link to farmers. In order to solve the farmers'difficulty in obtaining loans, People Bank of China began to promote the farmer microcredit loans at Rural credit cooperatives in 1999. After being benefit from international successful experience and summarizing Chinese Rural credit cooperatives'practical experience, People Bank of China published .In 2000, was introduced. In December 2001, People Bank of China published , which marked that the farmer microcredit loans had been included in the framework of regular finance. This financial system and capital supply mode adjusted well to the scattered economy of rural families and small mode of production, efficiently in line with the rural economic policy and industry policy, expanded rural production and consumption, enlarged the service group and space of Rural credit cooperatives. Therefore, analyzing the experience of the farmer microcredit loans at Rural credit cooperatives is helpful to support the new rural construction and service for "Agriculture, Country and Farmers ".In 2001,the pilot of the farmer microcredit loans started at Wu Yuan of Jiang Xi province. People Bank of China held the conference of the farmer microcredit loansat Wu Yuan, who summarized the practice of the farmer microcredit loansat Wu Yuan and promoted it at national Rural credit cooperatives later. This is the so-called "Wu Yuan Mode". My hometown is Shang Gao of Jiang Xi province, where is 200 kilometers from Wu Yuan,is seriously affected by "Wu Yuan Mode". I had been worked and researched at Rural credit cooperatives of Shang Gao. reached ten villages and towns of Shang Gao followed local loan officer, so the date is relatively objective and referential.Traditional theories deny the possibility of operating the farmer microcredit loans in regular financial institutions, however, the successful practice of international farmer microcredit loans prove that regular financial institutions has many advantages and huge profit space. In China, the earliest regular financial institutions to operate the farmer microcredit loans are Rural credit cooperatives, which are the milestone of the farmer microcredit loans development in China. As regular financial institutions, Rural credit cooperatives has many advantages such as organization,legal environment,location compared to other financial institutions. AS one of the most characteristic financial products, the farmer microcredit loans has been developed to the focus of agriculture credit and new economic growth at Rural credit cooperatives. Adapted to local conditions, Rural credit cooperatives has been explored a way of farmer microcredit loans with Chinese characteristics, which greatly contribute to improve rural economic development,increase farmers'income and enhance the efficiency of Rural credit cooperatives.In a word, inside mode is mainstream in the present modes of farmer microcredit loans, yet the influence of outside mode is limited. Meanwhile, China is a developing big and agricultural country, and farmers belong weak groups, including many poor people. Farmer microcredit loans is helpful to solve their poverty problem,improve our social's equity and stable. Although Rural credit cooperatives obtain great achievement on farmer microcredit loans, it still has many disadvantages such as farmer's misunderstanding, low credit quality, lack of loan officers, insufficient operation superiority, inadequate, policy, unsound security system, imperfect system design.For the above problems, I think that we should take the following measures such as establish market-oriented rate system,classify and deliver farmer microcredit,improve management quality,increase policy support,strengthen the construction of the rural credit system,improve risk prevention and security system.On the basis of fully research(survey and interview),I integrate theory and practice,systematically analyze the development of farmer microcredit loansat Shang Gao Rural credit cooperatives. I mainly use the following research methods such as comparing and contrasting,common to the personality,personality to the common,qualitative and quantitative research. By mathematical analyzing,I find the problems of farmer microcredit loans at Rural credit cooperatives in China, and propose solutions and suggestions from the aspects of legislation,policy,market,services. These are innovations of this paper.This paper mainly takes Shang Gao Rural credit cooperatives for example, systematically analyzing the development of farmer microcredit loans.On the basis of fully research, finding the problems of farmer microcredit loans at Rural credit cooperatives and proposing solutions and suggestions in order to explore a way of farmer microcredit loans with Chinese characteristics. I also hope this paper could not only propose solutions and suggestions about the present rural financial reform and services for "Agriculture, Country and Farmers ",but also guide practice. This paper includes five chapter in all:Chapter one is introduction, consisted of topics of background,literature review,writing objective,innovations,basic framework.. Chapter two is the basic theory of farmer microcredit loans, including its conception,viable model,rate,monitoring indicators and theoretical foundation. Chapter three mainly clarifies the whole condition and sustainability of farmer microcredit loans in China. Chapter four is the practice of farmer microcredit loans at Rural credit cooperatives in China, which mainly describes promotion advantages,basic conception,operational processes and the whole operation condition of farmer microcredit loans at Rural credit cooperatives. Chapter five takes Shang Gao Rural credit cooperatives for example, systematically analyzing the problems of farmer microcredit loans and propose solutions and suggestions from the aspects of legislation,policy,market,services. It includes improving the legal,increasing policy support,establishing reasonable rate,strengthen the construction of the rural credit and ecology system.In a word, as a policy,welfare,commercial and important financial project, farmer microcredit loans has a flourishing development trends at rural area in china in recent years, which takes serving for "Agriculture, Country and Farmers' for its target and benefit numerous low-income groups at rural area in china, meanwhile increases the efficiency of Rural credit cooperatives and controls risk effectively. This paper mainly takes Shang Gao Rural credit cooperatives for example in order to explore a way of farmer microcredit loans with Chinese characteristics. I also hope this paper could not only propose solutions and suggestions about the present rural financial reform and services for "Agriculture, Country and Farmers ",but also guide practice. |
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