International Comparison Of Input And Output Analysis On Research And Development

R&D internationalization has become the new trend in the world economic integration after the globalization of trade and production as well as the financial capitalization in the 20th century. R&D plays an important role in enhancing a country's comprehensive strength. It has also become a hot issue among government bodies and academia.On the basis of International comparative and tracking study on related indicators of R&D in China (NO. 2007FY240800-08), the fundamental project initiated by Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, this paper starts from the domestic and foreign literature and reviews of R&D input and output, analyzes the existing research results and identifies the international comparison of R&D inputs and outputs as the object of this paper. The following specific studies are conducted:First of all, on the basis of the grey incidence theory, this paper compares and analyzes the relationship between R&D expenditure, scientific researcher and economic development between China and other countries in combination from the angle of three major R&D investment implementing organizations: business enterprise, higher learning institution and research institute. The research result indicates that there is significant relationship between the R&D, scientific researcher investment and economic development. The scientific researcher is even more closely related to the economic development. In addition, there are higher degree of relevance between the scientific researcher in higher learning institutions and enterprises, and between the enterprise's R&D expenditure and economic development, while lower relevance with the scientific researcher in research institutes, the R&D expenditure in higher learning institutions.Secondly, based on the composite system model of coordination degree of compound system as well as related indicators, two sub-systems of R&D investment and economic development have been respectively established to study and measure the coordination between the overall Chinese R&D investment from 1992 to 2006, the R&D investment from enterprises, higher learning institutions and research institutes and economic development, with comparison with these of major developed countries. The research result indicates a good coordinated development between R&D investment and economic development and a higher degree of coordination than that of developed countries. But the coordination of R&D investment in China's higher learning institutions is remarkably lower than that of scientist and engineer and greatly falls behind the GDP growth. The degree of coordination between R&D investment and economic development in China is comparatively higher among all the comparing countries and shows a growing trend on an annual basis. The growth is driven by increase of R&D investment while the investment on scientist and engineer is insufficient.Finally, on the basis of above R&D investment analysis, this paper analyzes the efficiency of output from the R&D and innovation investment from 1998 to 2005 among different countries using the Data Envelopment Analysis and Stochastic Frontier Analysis through establishment of a consistent indicator system of input and output. Cluster analysis is used to categorize the R&D and innovation investments in different countries. The Malmquist indexes are calculated to analyze the changes in technical progress, technical efficiency and scale efficiency in different countries with a perspective of adjacent two years and a seven-year span. The results indicate that the R&D and innovation in most countries are mainly driven by scale efficiency; the overall R&D efficiency in China is low which makes China a synthesizing country lagging behind invention-driven countries such as Germany, Japan and Korea. China shall emphasize the technical progress in R&D and expand the scale of R&D investment as china has low technical progress efficiency. The third party output efficiency is very low although R&D investment plays a positive role in the added value and export of high-tech products in China. The total factor productivity of third party patent and R&D of China ranks high with distinct technical efficiency growth. The scope of pure technical efficiency growth is much higher than that of scale efficiency while technical progress is not quite visible.