The Water Use And Hygiene Of Song Dynasty's Capital

The water source is an important consideration of city's location and prosperity. Building cities approaches the waterfront since ancient times. Specially establishes a capital city, the water source question reveals especially prominently, in which besides the feudalistic thinking "geomancy land features", also has the strategic,economic and other considerations. The river system of Two Song capital with widely distribution and sufficient water volume, has strong bearing capacity to cities.In Song generation, since "Tai Zu rule the country" to Hui and Qin Emperor "North Kano", since temporerily living Gangnam corner to eventually account for Mongolia cavalry riding, has always pursued the political and military policy--within the real outer space and Wu Wen curb weight in 300 remaining years of life time, the social environment is relatively steady. The good sufficient water source and the relative stability social environment work together to promote economic development, created the prosperous picture of Northern Song Dynasty Tokyo Kaifeng "the whole wide world struggle to collect, international passed salty" and Linan of sorthern Song"Wealthy the most valuable".But with population rapid growth and environmental pollution increased, water for the capital of the reaction also has become increasingly evident. Kaifeng and Linan's population passes 1,000,000, in prosperous time, So that the streets and lanes are clogged up, the street is narrow and small, Population quantity and density create the pressure to the bearing capacity of water source. But two city some water consumptions are big, pollutes the heavy handicraft industry (for example dyeing and weaving industry, papermaking industry and so on) is centralism, the overall scale is big, become new problem in view of the water source supply and clean. In response, two Song Government have adopted more complete and advanced water source supply row and the maintenance measure. The supply aspect including opens a canal (river course) to pilot into the city, drilling a well (underground water well and surface water well) takes the water, the water tank storage and the manpower water supply, the surface water well, water tank's establishment and water supply service industry starting are characteristic, guarantees two capital cities still has the sufficient water supply in the situation of further urbanization and the population density unceasingly enlarge. The draining water aspect, the network topology tends the consummation, specially the laying of underground pipes is almost the same as modern city, causes the city "not to have obstructs stops, the human to depend it", had guaranteed the city clear water enters, the muddy water to leaved and the normal operation of urban functions.However, due to objective reasons and man-made reasons, the water source overall health situation of Song capital is deteriorating. The questions of resident life health from down to silting of stream, the water quality drops and so on has many records in the literature. These questions have hindered the urban further development of city to some extent, as for the decline of two cities (specially Kaifeng) is also related with these factors.