Research On The Grain Circulation About North China Region In Qing Dynasty

For the Ming and Qing Dynasties on the grain circulation, and more domestic and foreign scholars from the State Water Transport of Grain, such as taxes on the perspective, a lot of writing, such as: Lee to stay, "Henan Caojing grain of the Ming and Qing Dynasties" ( "Kaifeng Institute of Education Journal", 2003 Vol 23 , No. 1) in an article, Ming and Qing dynasties in Henan Province by the Caojing in Caojing household food distribution among the study by the grain circulation of Water Transport of Grain to be significantly affected by geographical factors; Mr Raymond Wong Hung-shan, Wang Weiping in the "traditional social warehousing system The development of modern security features - to the late Qing Dynasty Suzhou House Chang-yuan Wu Feng-yi positions by example "(" China's agricultural history, "2005 No. 2) in an article: the modern trend of the impact, not only warehousing system On the management side has changed its function of social security has been developed by leaps and bounds, protection of the constantly expanding, the level of security has been upgraded. Focus on the ancient grain storage to describe the transformation of traditional Chinese grain circulation; Fujian Normal University, master's degree graduates Chen Zuo Li in his dissertation, "the Ming Dynasty granary" of the system on the granary of the Ming Dynasty set up, different national and local issues such as the management system, The completion of this paper have a good reference. Most of these writings only focus on food inspection from a historical point of circulation, and ZHANG Xiao-fang, through a new government in the grain circulation system of logic and philosophy of government food policy dependent on the path to the point of the grain circulation system of inspection arrangements for such a visit, It is worth learning. Xu Dixin, Wu Chengming in the book "History of China's capitalist development" (Vol.â…¡) involves the budding capitalist in the embodiment of the grain circulation system, from the market, talked about the perspective of commercialization of the grain circulation of non-governmental channels, And the former government grain distribution channels formed a sharp contrast, however, is regrettable that the text is only involved in the market of grain circulation, and no in-depth exposition.The grain circulation contains two main forms: tax forms and business forms. Tax forms that the grain circulation is mainly in the form of government to tax farmers or land owners to collect food and commercial grain circulation are parties to the transaction in order to exchanges or making a profit and make the exchange of food to flow. Tax forms from the national grain circulation is generated there, has been accompanied by the feudal society. Until the 2006 abolition of China's food tax, tax forms to be truly the end of the grain circulation. Commercial grain circulation accompanied by the emergence of the commodity economy and there, until today there are still. Sima Qian's "Historical Records ? cargo yields Biographies," "Barry does not stall-chiao, a thousand miles does not stall Di," This shows that in a feudal society for a long time to commodity grain circulation is limited to within the commercial activity. But to the Qing Dynasty, commodity grain circulation with the new features, with the national commercial market gradually formed to help regional and the rise of trafficking in food and no longer confined to a small area, but the national market, Nationwide circulation, not only in circulation radius of unprecedented expansion, but also will increase liquidity. This national grain circulation of commodities in the Qing Dynasty is an important part of. In the grain circulation at the same time also brought different geographical economic and cultural exchanges, What is more, with the long-term grain circulation, the new line, and gradually form of commodity circulation, the new towns gradually rise. This grain circulation as the carrier of economic exchanges significantly changed the economic structure of the Qing Dynasty. Qing Dynasty in North China was the country's political and economic centre as well as the intersection of the grain circulation, making the Qing Dynasty in North China the grain circulation of more typical.