The Discussion And Analysis Of Women's Industry In 1912-1937

During the period of The Republic of China, especially from 1912 to 1937, along with the development of economy, the progress of society and the advancement of Women's Liberation Movement, female industry starts and develops gradually. Through the female industrialists' unremitting endeavor, the women's industry has made certain progress in the general domains, and has had great influence on the society.The establishment of women's industry has not achieved overnight. It has profound complex backgrounds, including social context and woman's own factors. And the objective social context is the most fundamental and influencial factor to the women's industry, which mainly includes the promotion of the economic development, the guarantee of system and the catalysis of the social culture and so on. The social background can only provide the objective prerequisite to the emergence of women's industry, but the realization of the women's industry in society needs female's earnest practice. Therefore, women's industry's starting and development depend upon their own factors radically, including the awakening of their subject consciousness and the possession of their ability.Under the subjective and objective conditions, women's industry establishes. From the initiator perspectives, female industry can be divided into three types roughly: one kind is the industrial organizations or associations, organized by the female who has independent capital or can manage independently by themselves; another kind is joint and cooperative enterprises; the third kind is the populace's small-scale business. According to different professions engaged, women's industry may be briefly divided into the agriculture, industry, business, the financial industry, service industry and so on. Having invested unremitting efforts, including adequately exerting their feminine characteristics and the superiority, giving full play to their intelligence and wisdom, and appropriately using the management strategy, the female industrialists get women's industry developed fruitfully and dramatically, but they have paid quite big pain-staking care and price. Moreover, based on different status, the female industrialists basically have three types: the first type is the so-called upper class characters, who have the rallying point to gather capital to hold the industry; the second kind is the female, whose family is rich. They have the capital and the social connections to help them operate industry; the third kind is the poor female who are forced to support themselves by running business.Under the social environment of the transition from the old to the new-the economy has not developed fully and the traditional concepts and the custom are still dense, the female originators, who have been isolated from society, go out into society to start their undertakings. As originators, they have met tough situations, such as sufferings from the hardships of carving out and the dilemma between family and enterprise, the confliction between ideal and the reality, and so on.Women's industry, during 1912 and 1937, has achieved success as well as failures, which are caused by the multiple and comprehensive reasons. On one hand, the reasons of success include the development and need of economy, the appropriate management strategy, the combined strength of corporative associations, the impetus of woman suffrage movement, the change of social convention and consciousness, and so on. On the other hand, there are many factors, which cause the women's industry failures. The objective factors mainly include certain improper measures of the government, the chaos caused by war and the limited openness of the social convention and so on. The subjective factors include deficiency of the knowledge, poor management, and the disunity of the organization and so on.During 1912 and 1937, although female industry's scale is small the social output value is not big enough, it brings huge significances. It not only brings power, benefits and honor to women themselves but also promotes the social development at that time, for example, promote the development of social material production, impact the traditional way of sex division of labor, the reorganization of sex role, the change of social convention, the promotion of social system, set up example for the females and so on. Women's industry provides reference to the development of female and society now.