Nanjing National Government Time Railroad Policy Research (1927-1937)

This article combs systematically the proposition and development historical path of the Nanjing National government railroad policy ,summarizes the policy characteristic, compared with the railroad policy of latter Qing dynasty and the Peking government, the article analysis affects a series of influences which this policy the various kind of factors as well as produce from this, and tries hard to have a comprehensively and overall cognition to the Nanjing National government's railroad policy, as well as has an objective appraisal to Nanjing National government.In 1929-1933,the world economics crisis erupts, the capitalist country steps up the foreign expansion, the railroad becomes the important way which the imperialism pass the burden the crisis, meanwhile Japanese imperialism invaded to China's Fascist has revealed the railroad national defense significance. Regardless of from the national defense angle or the railroad own development angle, the government needs make the corresponding railroad policy positively, coping with shifting events by sticking to a fundamental principle. After Nanjing National government establishes, facing the internal disorder and foreign invasions, the nature and man-made disaster, received"Father of a Republic"Sun Yat-Sen's legacy of teachings, the nation starts the high tide of the development industry, which created the detachment condition for planned the national railroad construction. The Qing government and the Peking National government's railroad policy, has laid the Chinese railroad modernizing foundation, also has laid the foundation for the Nanjing National government's railroad policy.The Nanjing National government carries on the railroad construction diligently. Its railroad policy mainly includes two big aspects: New road construction and old road reorganization.In new road construction aspect, in order to prepare and manages the national railroad construction, Nanjing National government had been established the Ministry of Railways, strengthens the railroad the unification management, In 1932, the Ministry of Railways promulgates Chinese first railroad big method - - "Railroad Law", in addition, It also has formulated a series of laws and regulations, related with the railroad construction and the development, which mainly involves the railway transportation, the finance, the organization and so on each aspect. Under the laws and regulations guidance standard, the Nanjing National government by the law builded and managed roads, formulates the railroad plan positively, the collection fund, thus appeared the Chinese and foreign cooperation new form in the railroad construction, has raised in the old Chinese railroad history the second road building high tide.In the old road reorganization aspect, Nanjing National government carries on the positive reorganization from the aspects of railroad finance, railroad management, railroad service, railroad education railroad technology and so on. In the railroad financial policy aspect, the national government reorganizes the old debt, floats a loan the new debt, reorganizes accountant, removes the railroad humble shortcoming; In the railroad management aspect, the government pays great attention to the rail line resources, the product investigation and the statistics, conducts nation rail line to produce the goods exposition, the establishment domestic products canteen, implements the preferential price transportation to the farmer product, develops the railroad traveling, displays the railroad fully the economical function; In the railroad service aspect, it handles diligently responsible to transport, restores and expands the combined transport; In the railroad education aspect, it strengthens the railroad higher education, develops and enhances holds the turn the education, carries out the railroader to educate comprehensively, the enhancement and the improvement abroad study education, has trained large quantities of talented people for the railroad construction; In the railroad technology aspect, it replaces the heavy rail, the reinforcement bridge, replaces the railroad tie, the increase battlefield equipment, the attire adds dispatcher telephone, addition rolling stock and so on, improves the railroad hardware facilities, consolidated railroad construction. Those policy, opened Chinese railroad modernizing, also causes this time the railroad policy to present characteristics and so on nationalization, commercialization, socialization. Moreover along with the Chinese and Japanese contradictory unceasing intensification, Nanjing National government takes the measure, which strengthens the railroad the national defense function, and causes this time the railroad policy to have the obvious combat readiness color.The Nanjing National government's railroad policy has the vital progressive significance, from at that time looked like, it impels the economical comprehensive modernizing, and make the significant contribution for Sino-Japanese War. Looked from the railroad history development course it has inherited latter Qing dynasty and the Peking government the railroad policy essence, simultaneously has provided the precious model for the later railroad policy formulation. In brief, looks over the Nanjing National government time railroad policy, generally speaking is positive. Certainly, the Nanjing National government's railroad policy also has the obvious flaw, it lacked a democratic government, the political struggle and the right disperses has also restricted the railroad policy implementation and the realization.