Research On The Institution Of Agricultural Support And Protection Of China

Marx ever pointed out that agriculture is the basis of national economy. And it is not a natural law in agriculture field or a special economic policy on some special period, but a universal objective economic law. At the same time, he put forward that agriculture is a department that integrates natural reproduction with economic reproduction. Such feature results in a born defect in agriculture, that is, both natural risks and market risks exist. Present agriculture has the quality of public good or multi-function. Besides four traditional contributions including product, element, market and foreign exchange, agriculture has contributed to stable politics, social employment, cultural heritage and ecological protection. So, it is popular that governments support and protect the agriculture.For a long time, under the tactic of industrialization first and two systems between city and countryside, our government has supported and protected agriculture to some extent. But agriculture surplus has been transferred by price scissors, tax and savings. And with the reform and open policy, expropriation of farmers' land is another way. That demand is more than giving has brought about such problems as weak fundamental position of agriculture, poor competition, slow growth of farmers' income and persistent deterioration of environment. In addition, the traditional system of support and protection is defective in the extent of support and protection, structure, mean, efficiency and border protection. And some of them don't even meet the need of WTO Agreement on Agriculture. So, it is urgent that our country strengthen the support and protection and build a new system of support and protection of agriculture. Through looking back on the history, we can also draw the conclusion that to invest more on agriculture and to have a stable policy can advance the development of agriculture. Now, our country has stepped in the middle of industrialization, and overall stepped in the period in which industry promotes agriculture and city drives countryside. We have the primary ability to strengthen the support and protection of agriculture. According to international experiences, we should transferred from depriving agriculture to protecting agriculture, and gradually build the institution of support and protection of agriculture that is on the basis of Chinese situation.The problems of traditional system fundamentally lie in the path dependence of dual urban-rural structure which has resulted in unreasonable structure in distribution of national revenue. There are more reasons including outdated management system, distempered system of fiance and taxation, lack of voices from farmers and ambiguity of laws. We should wipe off them in order to build the institution of support and protection of agriculture on the basis of the situation of China, and at the same time refer to international experiences. This paper analyzes WTO Agreement on Agriculture and the adjustments by some members of WTO since WTO Agreement on Agriculture came into force in 1995, and draws some conclusions. According to WTO Agreement on Agriculture and the commitments by China, in order to build the institution of support and protection of agriculture on the basis of the situation of China, some measures can be adopted as far as the institution itself is considered. First, build a lasting system of agricultural investment, and increase the amount of Domestic Support. Secondly, build a reasonable structure of Domestic Support, and get the best use of Green Box policies and Amber Policies. Thirdly, adopt better border measures and benefit farmers and enterprises. Fourthly, build a law system to regulate the government's behaviors.But in order to make the institution work efficiently, some relevant measures are needed. First, revise the management system to guarantee the organization. Secondly, make the cooperation system in rural places better and improve farmers' extent of organization to provide receiver and motivation for the institution of support and protection of agriculture. Thirdly, perfect the system of property of farmers' land and promotes moderate scale management to provide an accelerator for the institution of support and protection of agriculture.