A Preliminary Study On The Application Of Accounting Information In The Commercial Banks' Credit Decision-making Process

The risk management is the eternal subject that passes through the commercial bank more than 300 years development courses, only when the risk has been effectively reined and managed, the bank can obtain the development in the true significance.The commercial bank is "the risk machine" where there are all kinds of risks. The credit risk is an important component of the bank risk, the credit risk management level has decided the bank credit property quality in great degree. The credit property quality is commercial bank's life, also is one of the important targets that weighs bank management level. Therefore, the credit decision-making work is at the core position in the bank service, how to scientifically carry on the credit decision-making is always one of important bank research topics.At present, the bank credit decision-making relies on the information which usually can be divided into the financial information and the non-financial information. The financial information more focuses on the quantitative analysis, but non-financial information more focuses on the qualitative analysis. We could say that the two are similarly important in the credit decision-making function. But in the practice, in most situations, the financial information analysis is still getting up the suitable leading role, and the non-financial information only could play the role on foundation of the financial analysis. Perhaps the non-financial information can play the main role when rejecting a loan (for example, a loan can be directly vetoed when enterprise is in an industry which is soon to be eliminated or enterprise's main people in charge has serious moral problems), but whether a loan can be provided, the amount and so on, these key aspects must rely on the financial information to make the decision-making.In the long-term credit practice, the bank continuously extremely takes the accounting information into analysis, and has formed its own analysis method, such as selecting enterprise nearly three years and near time financial reports, analyzing the important project item by item, through calculation of a series of financial norms, weighting enterprise the ability to pay off a debt, the ability of profit and ability of transport business, then combining non-finance information, making the credit decision-making finally.However, at present the bank's uses the accounting information to carry on the credit decision-making are by no means perfect, but have great limitations. Firstly ,accounting information has inherent intrinsic flaw itself, for example, the accounting information cannot certainly comprehensively truthfully reflect the enterprise management, the accounting information is easy to be changed by the accounting policy and be plastered artificially , the accounting information has the characteristic of lag and short-term obviously, will not be able inevitably to reflect the development tendency of the enterprise future and so on; Next, to be an international difficult problem ,the phenomenon of accounting information been plastered and made the vacation the eradicated with difficulty, and be exited in the long-time, the accounting information quality cannot obtain good safeguards; Once more, the existing credit analysis method of bank by no means consummates. All these have decided that there is great limit of the bank credit decision-making quality enhancement inevitably.Certainly, facing these limitations, the bank by no means is helpless, but there is certain improvement space. For instance, in view of the accounting information intrinsic flaws, we can overcome this shortcoming by comprehensive understanding enterprise information; In view of the present situation of the accounting information quality be not high, we can overcome this shortcoming by assigning the accounting firm or paying expenses to purchase high grade accounting information; In view of flaw of credit analysis methods, we can strengthen the research, seek the more superior analysis methods.At present, the bank credit analysis method is traditional, so we may attempt to seek some more superior analysis method to carry on the credit decision-making. For example, we can introduce the EVA target to weight enterprise ability of continuing creating the value; introduce the free cash current capacity target to deepen the analyses of the cash current capacity as main funds source; introduce the partial important non-financial norm to make up for the inherent flaws that accounting report cannot comprehensively truthfully reflect the enterprise management.The paper aims to fully reasonably recognize the functions and limitations of accounting information in the commercial bank credit decision-making, and take the suitable measures to overcome, achieves the science reasonably to use the accounting information to carry on the credit decision-making,enhance the commercial bank credit decision-making quality as far as possible , reduce the commercial bank credit risk, improve the commercial bank credit property quality, promote commercial bank health steady develops.