Japan-US Economic And Trade Relations And Its Enlightenment To China

Since the Japan-America economic friction appeared in 1965, it has gradually become the core question of the Japan-America economic and trade relations. The Japan-America economic friction lasts for more than 50 years, involves cargo trade and service trade's multitudinous domains. The long time it lasts for and the wide scope it involves can be called the classics of economic friction between countries. In view of the fact that many similarities exist in the Sino-America and the Japan-America economic and trade relations, this article takes it as a foundation, analyzes the enlightenment to china in dealing with the Sino-America economic and trade relations from Japan's experience and lessons against Japan-America economic friction.This paper can be divided into five parts. In the first part (Introduction), the practical significance of this subject is introduced, the relevant research of scholars from home and abroad is outlined, the structure of this paper is introduced, the main viewpoints and the author's creativity are also given.The second part carries on the review and the analysis of the history of Japan-America economic and trade relations after World War II, and points out the Japan-America economic friction has gradually become the core question of Japan-America economic and trade relations since the intermediate stages of 1960s, and carries on the key analysis and elaboration to it. The first stage is the period that U.S. suppressed Japan comprehensively. During the early post-war period, U.S. seized Japan and implemented a series of suppressed policies to Japan, such as democratic reform, compensation and relocation plan and so on, controlled Japan's foreign trade comprehensively. Therefore, the essence of Japan-America economic and trade relations during this period is the trade control of U.S. to Japan. The second stage is the period that U.S. propped up Japan vigorously, and the Japan-America economic and trade relations developed. Along with the change of international political situations, U.S. had big change in policies to Japan, from suppressing Japan comprehensively in the past to propping up it vigorously. And along with the transformation of U.S. policies to Japan, Japan obtained independent status. Its economy recovered rapidly, and the Japan-America economic and trade relations moved forward intimately. The third stage is the period that the Japan-America economic friction was promoted constantly with the rapid development of Japan economy. Japan appeared trade surplus in the Japan-America trade along with the Japan economy's rapid development, and the scale of trade surplus expanded constantly, the Japan-America economic friction upgraded unceasingly, the Japan-America economic and trade relations also changed unceasingly along with the Japan-America economic friction intensification and relaxation. The fourth stage is the period that the Japan-America economic and trade relations tended to relax for Japan's economic recession. Since the intermediate stages of 1990s, the Japan and America economy development had new change. U.S. economy appeared the new boom and Japan economy fell into decline, U.S. no longer regarded Japan as the economic powerful enemy and Japan paid more attention to its economic development. The Japan-America economic and trade relations tended to relax.The third part analyses Japan's policies in dealing with the Japan-America economic friction, and summarizes Japan's experience and lessons against the Japan-America economic friction. With the Japan-America economic friction continually upgrading and deepening, Japan took different economic and trade policies to U.S. in different stages as follows: Transforming primary strategic trade protection policy to senior strategic trade protection policy; Positively carrying out the bilateral trade and melting into the multilateral trade system, and implementing export diversification strategy; Wearing away the rock with water, and winning circuitously; Realizing upgrading of industrial structure and transforming the principal contradiction of Japan-America economic friction constantly; Limiting exportation voluntarily, and alleviating the Japan-America economic friction temporarily; Expanding the foreign direct investment and improving the statistical value of Japan-America trade deficit; Gradually opening the market, and melting into the economic globalization; Improving service trade status to deal with the Japan-America economic friction in the new time; Carrying out the relaxation and reform of rules and regulations to alleviate the Japan-America economic friction on system and so on. The Japanese continual adjustment to the American economic and trade policy alleviated the Japan-America economic friction in different time, and laid the foundation of moving forward for Japan-America economic and trade relations constantly. Japan accumulates much successful experience and leaves grieved lessons in many years'economic and trade struggle with U.S. .The author thinks it can be induced into the following six aspects: First, Japan is hard and soft to firmly maintain its national interest when dealing with the Japan-America economic and trade relations; Second, Japan can catch hold of the situation and adjust the foreign economic and trade strategy at the right moment; Third, Japan complies with the situation independently, and melts into the economic globalization constantly; Fourth, Japan devotes to promoting the industrial structure and strengthens the international competition strength of Japanese industry; Fifth, Japan implements the wrong capital liberalization policy, and hinders its economic development; Sixth, macroeconomic policy's fault leads into formation of the bubble economy, and then the Japanese economy falls into the long-term decline.The fourth part briefly summarizes and analyzes the similarities of Sino-America and Japan-America economic and trade relations on the basis of reviewing the Sino-America economic and trade relations. It mainly appears in following four aspects: First, their strength contrast and their change is similar that China and Japan were both in the passive position to the America economic and trade relations in initial period, the superiority was more and more remarkable to the American trade when both countries'economic potentiality strengthens unceasingly; Second, the development path of economic and trade relations is similar that the development path of Sino-America and Japan-America economic and trade relations is to launch competition in cooperation, to seek development in competition, to explore the best balance point of benefit in the path of the friction-coordination -friction-coordination again and again. Third, the crux of economic friction is similar that the bilateral trade imbalance is the crux of economic friction of Sino-America and Japan-America which lasts for many years; Fourth, the trade imbalance root is similar that the mutual influence and mutual function of China and Japan's great nation status of trade and U.S. hegemony status of finance is the deepest reason of Sino-America and Japan-America trade imbalance. The fifth part summarizes the full text and points out the enlightenment of Japan-America economic and trade relations to China. Since the Japan-America economic friction appeared in the intermediate stages of 1950s, it has gradually become the core question of the Japan-America economic and trade relations. Facing the economic friction that lasts for so long time, Japan keeps economic development by carrying out different economic and trade policies in different stages. However, Japan has paid huge price because of the macroeconomic policy's fault in the intermediate stages of 1980s. We may obtain the following enlightenment from its successful experience and defeat lessons: First, persisting the supreme principle of national interest and positively striving for reasonable benefit in the Sino-America trade; Second, implementing multiplication strategy and adjusting the economic and trade policies to U.S. at the right moment; Third, having the plan to open market and strengthening the international competition strength of products in the open market; Fourth, carrying out the exchange rate policy prudently and keeping the independence of exchange rate policy of our country; Fifth, consummating the finance system and getting rid of China's dilemma in the Sino-America economic and trade relations thoroughly.