The Enlightenment Of Germany Universal Bank To Chinese Financial Industry Mixed Operation

The mixed industry management is one kind of management pattern refers to bank, negotiable securities, insurance and so on service in our country mutually seeps overlapping and comprehend, but not merely limits to the identity camp service scope. In nowadays society, in order to provide advantageous and comprehensive service for the society, the financial industry mixed management already becomes the most universal management pattern which financial organ uses on the international. The financial industry mixed management origins from the overseas western nations, on the 19^th century's ends Germany, Holland, Luxembourg appeared the financial industry mixed management; especially take German as the typical representative. In recent years, rolled up the world in the financial liberalization tide, the mixed industry management becomes international finance account executive development's main and inevitable trend. German is continuously implements the mixed industry management and adopts the universal bank form, thus it has the very high regarding and the inspiration for researching question.The mixed industry management which develops the main tendency in the current internationalization finance transforms, has following obvious benefit superiorities: First, under the finance industry mixed management pattern the universal bank may meet the customers' many kinds of service needs, according to its own multiplex management characteristics, designs more pointed and more flexible financial product combination; Next, precisely because the universal bank can provide multiplex financial service, simultaneously also strengthened with customers' relation tightness, therefore compares the specialized bank the universal bank is able to establish more stable and high quality basic customer group; Once more, "universal bank" through its internal organization service overlapping, is advantageous to display the bank scale superiority, reduces the overall cost, enhanced the efficiency, increased the profit space; Finally, the multiplex management universal bank has the "intrinsic stable" characteristic, uses its own interior compensate mechanism stable the bank income, in this may ,it can improve the bank interior finance condition, reduce the financial risk.Simultaneously we should see is, the mixed industry management pattern also is a "the double-edged sword": First, the mixed industry management enables the commercial bank to step in to the stock market, which is very easy to cause the negotiable securities' quotation rises and falls, thus influence money market's stability; Second, the mixed industry management is easy to create the risk transmission, which is disadvantageous to dodge the risk for bank; Third, the mixed industry management is easy to cause the commercial bank's "the moral risk", relaxes the risk control behavior, intensifies the entire society's economy to be turbulent; Fourth, the mixed industry management possibly can provide the soil for the financial monopoly, which harms consumer's benefit; Fifth, the universal bank's mixed industry management pattern set a higher request to financial supervising. Thus it can be seen, the finance industry mixed management is higher paraffin form opposite to the minute industry management, after the financial organ can fulfill this basic principle, security, mixed industry management bank pays attention to both security and efficiency's brand-new pattern.The German universal bank implementation has the consummation legal safeguard in German. In all about the bank service legal rules, Germany had explicitly stipulated the bank may manage non- bank service. The strict German bank legal rule has provided the universal bank development space and exterior restraint. In addition, compares with other state banks, the German universal bank also has following several characteristics: First, camping commercial bank and the investment bank service is the German universal bank financial management pattern's most major characteristic; Second, the German universal bank relates the industry and commerce enterprise closely, which has the leadership status in country economy; Third, the German universal bank takes to develop the international service domain, positively develops the foreign market; Fourth, Germany has the consummation financial supervising system, facing the German finance industry organization reform and the strategic adjustment, unceasingly strengthens effective supervising to financial organs.Along with the Chinese finance industry unceasing development and the monetary system reform unceasing advancement, especially after joining WTO and Chinese finance industry opening steps speeding up, the divided industry management system is already more and more unsuitable for our country finance industry development. Divided industry management—this artificial delimit gap—is disadvantageous to our country's banking industry a, insurance, the negotiable securities, the trust industry normal competition and cooperation, it has suppressed the financial structure optimization, hindered the financial risk disperser, reduced the fund use efficiency, limited the financial innovation, suppressed the entire financial industry development, reduced the competition ability. In order to speed up the financial mixed industry management steps, our country is adopting beneficial attempts for the financial mixed industry management in various aspects; simultaneously finance supervising authority in our country has also promoted a series of reform measures to smoothen the way for mixed industry management. Since 2000, Chinese financial organ cooperation crossed industry has been on the rise, the bank and the negotiable securities, the bank and the insurance crosswise cooperation gradually deepens, the bank, the negotiable securities, the insurance cooperation allowed the fund to be flow, seepage and supple directly, thus improved our country banking industry "the insulating property" divided industry management form. In addition, the financial holding company massively emerges, also is our country finance industry's strategy that adapts to the international financial industry development tendency, is the beneficial attempt for mixed industry management.Combs the German universal bank's formation and development vein, unifies our country present reality development situation, we may see that, the smooth implementation of finance industry mixed industry management needs the commercial bank operation to have the consummation financial laws and regulations environment; The commercial bank forms the strict self-restraint mechanism and the internal management mechanism; Country must have the higher financial supervising level to the finance industry mixed industry management, forms the perfect information disclose system; Country must have the effective operation market mechanism. Analyzes the present situation of our commercial bank, our country now initially meets the financial mixed industry management requirement: Gradually improves policy laws and regulations environment; The financial organ is mature day by day; The supervising system is gradually perfect; The technical progress has also provided the power support for our country financial mixed industry. See from the overall, along with our country state-owned commercial bank stock system reform completes, the financial supervising system, the legislation unceasing consummation, our country commercial bank positively is stepping the financial mixed industry management direction diligently. Profits from the success experience of Germany and other advanced countries, embarks from our country actual situation, our country financial industry implementation mixed industry management also needs: First, consummation finance laws and regulations system; Second, straightens out the commercial bank interior management mechanism; Third, promote the reform of financial markets; Forth, actively pursue a broad range of service; Fifth, improving the financial regulation system and raises the supervising level; Sixth, positively advances the overseas developmental strategy of our country bank industry; Seventh, expanding the application of information technologies; Eighth, the implementation of the human resources. Compares with Germany's success experience, our country that advances the finance industry mixed industry management still needs to make very greatly diligent in the existing foundation, which enable our country financial industry to transit to the financial mixed industry management pattern steadily and soon.