The Analysis On The Status And Strategy Of Chinese Oil Security

Nobody can deny the important position of oil in today, just as US expert Daniel Yeking,who is expert on studying international oil issue said,'the petroleum has provided the plastic and the chemical product to construct modern civilization. If all the oil wells in the world dry up suddenly, this civilization will break down.'The petroleum is one kind of strategic resources, the supply of oil is not only relates to economy development of some country, but also related to the social stability, the regional security and world political or military situation. The oil security is important component of the national economy security and the energy security. With the rapid development of our national economy, our country's oil demand increases unceasingly, but the natural oil resource of our country is limited and the self-supporting ability of oil in China is obviously insufficient, solely rely on domestic oil will fail to meet the demand for oil, so the petroleum import increases rapidly which constantly expand the gap between the supply and demand of oil, the oil import external dependence of our country climbs unceasingly and rapidly. As the world's second-biggest oil importing country who is only inferior to US, China actually can only accept the international price of oil passively for its lack of power in fixing price in the international oil market. Furthermore, there are a series of problems in our pricing mechanism, and there is no mature oil futures market belonging to China. Thus, under the impact of international environment with constant and drastic oil price fluctuations, China has poor ability to resist the impact which shakes domestic economy. China's oil self-sufficiency ability is inadequate, also we cannot obtain overseas oil resources with reasonable price and transport them back to China securely at reasonable cost. In addition, compared with other world powers, our country has not been able to establish perfect oil reserve system, once the external supply suspend or can't be sufficient as a result of the thunderbolt, our country does not have appropriate oil reserves to meet the emergency. According to relevant definition of oil security and the subsistent oil resources circumstance of our country, we have to realize that we China has faced oil security problems. China must take measures promptly to solve the security issues positively, enhances the petroleum security to our country's strategic altitude.This article mainly from the perspective of non-traditional security, has analyzed the status quo of domestic oil production, demand and import, summarizes that the oil safety problems we have face are concretely reflected in some aspects as follows: the gap between demand and supply of oil is huge, external dependence is high, the import origin is concentrated in few countries, the traffic channel of import is unitary, the domestic petroleum pricing mechanism is imperfect which make our country be in lack of pricing power in international market and the oil reserves system of our country starts late. In addition, this paper also involves analysis from the view of traditional security concept. In this view, China's oil supply is subject to countries such as the United States and Japan to some extent.This article attempts to construct oil security strategy with Chinese characteristics through analyzing existing problems of Chinese oil security. Considering domestic oil supply and demand, this paper argues that the eastern oil field of our country has entered later development phase, while the incremental output of the western oil field is insufficient to supplement domestic supplies. It's not advisable to improve oil supply through the strength of our limited petroleum resources. So only through raising oil utilization and giving great impetus to developing new energy that can replace oil resource can we control the demand for oil in China to narrow down the gap between oil supply and demand to a balance status. As regards oil import, this paper puts forward that China should establish the diversified import system. On the one hand, we should take into account the cooperation prospects between China and other countries such as Middle East, Russia, central Asia, Africa and Europe, realize multiplex import origin to disperse the oil supply risk. On the other hand, we should actively participate in world's oil pipeline project and enhance hauling capacity of tanker in our country to realize the diversity of imported transport channels. Finally, we may through investing overseas oil market to obtain quota oil directly which is also helpful for the construction of China's diversified oil system. In petroleum price aspect, this paper argues that our country should first improve the domestic oil pricing mechanism and then establish the oil futures market to connect international oil market much closer, as a result of that, we can finally obtain the pricing power. Only in this way can we sure that we can obtain oil resources by the reasonable price. We can also avoid the risk of international oil price fluctuations. Refer to the construction of oil strategic reserve system, we should adhere to the basic principle that legislation should come first, accelerate pace of China's oil legislation, adopt way with the unity of the national reserve and the enterprise reserve, establish a oil strategic reserve system suitable for China's national conditions to ensure that we China can reduce the risk of unexpected interrupt of oil supply and deal with it preparedly.