Research On LUCC In Three Typical Source Water Reservoir Watersheds Of Fuzhou City

With society, economic development and environment change, thepublic’s ecological consciousness is being strengthened constantly.Ecological security and idea of the environmental health are rooted in thehearts of the people. In particular, the ecological environment of sourcewater reservoir watershed (SWRW) is particularly concerned by peoplebecause their life is closely related with it. Land use and land cover isthe most prominent and obvious visual symbol of the Earth’s surface, andon the regional or basin scale, the land use and cover change research canefficiently and accurately grasp the trends of ecological environmentsurrounding the water source reservoir. It can provide a scientific basisfor protection of ecological environment and sustainable development inSWRW.With the digital elevation data and TM image, we integrated the3S(RS, GIS, GPS) technology and interrelated theory into the research aboutthe LUCC of three study areas and the first layer mountain of threereservoirs (Dongzhang, Shanzai, Baimei), furthermore, based ondetermining the non-point source pollution load parameters of every typeland use in these study areas, the quantitative analysis and comparison ofthe non-point source pollution (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) fromthe entire watershed area and the first layer mountain region of thereservoir were calculated. Finally, the landscape ecological principleswere applied in three reservoirs landscape study in many aspects and twotime scales.The main content is as follows:(1) With help of BASINS3.1, a watershed simulation software, andcombined with the digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area, thestudy respectively delineated the SWRW boundaries of three typicalreservoirs and their first layer mountain borders in Fuzhou City.(2) Choosing SWRW and the first layer mountain as the researchobject, after analyzing TM data, and using Tasseled Cap transformation, Principal Component Analysis and Normalized Difference VegetationIndex to enhance the image of1989and2007, we adopted the best bandsto classify the image of two years and calculate the classificationprecision through the error matrix. Finally, by the post-classificationapproach, the LUCC during18years was monitored and the land usetransfer matrix was built. The results indicated that these reservoirs’land-use has changed in different extent (the most obvious change inDongzhang Reservoir and Baimei Reservoir), and the land use change ofthe first layer mountain had changed greater than the other area of thereservoir due to human impacting.(3) According to the statistics of every land-use type’s area of threewater watershed areas and the first layer mountain of the reservoir, andwith the combination of the non-point source pollution annual loadparameters about different land-use type, the quantitative analysis andcomparison of the non-point source pollution (total nitrogen and totalphosphorus) about water of three source water reservoirs were calculatedrespectively, and the research shows that the non-point source pollutionfrom the first layer mountain of Dongzhang Reservoir and BaimeiReservoir had greater impact on reservoir. Taking the DongzhangReservoir for example, in conjunction with the division of one and twosource water protection areas and the analysis of non-point sources (totalnitrogen and total phosphorus) pollution about the first layer mountain ofthe reservoir, the research explored the rational division of source waterprotection areas and gave the prevention measures and recommendationsto control the non-point source pollution in the SWRW.(4) Based on landscape ecology principle, GIS technology and thesoftware FRAGSTATS, the landscape indicators of three reservoirs werecomputed. With the help of indicators, we analyzed the landscapepattern of the watershed, especially the spatial heterogeneity, so as toprobe into the function and trends of the watershed landscape further.The study results indicated that the patch shape, landscape diversity andthe fragmentation of SWRW have changed in different extent (thelandscape pattern of Dongzhang Reservoir and Baimei Reservoirchanging the most). (5) LUCC driving force was complex. The human driving force wasthe chief factor, because fast increasing population and high economydevelopment were the fundamental promoting factors which led tomassive land use change surrounding the reservoir. Meanwhile policyalso played an important role in land use change. Industrialization,urbanization and improving of transportation also brought about LUCC.Moreover, the nature condition, such as landform, climate etc were alsothe affecting factor.The research can offer decision-making basis for water qualityprotection of the source water reservoir, watershed land-use patternoptimization and ecological environment restoration.