Hypoglycemic Effects And The Mechanism Of Polysaccharide From Physalis Alkekengi L. Var. Franchetii Makino

[Objective] To investigate the hypoglycemic effects of polysaccharide from Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii Makino (PAVF) in tested mice (DM) which induced by the alloxan (ALX) and its molecular mechanism of action.[Methods] Choose10mice from60healthy Kunming male mice with weight of (23±2)g named as Normal control group I (normal saline,0.2mL/d), others administered intraperitoneally to establish diabetic models in mice with2%ALX (200mg/kg) once for all. After the success of modeling, the50experimental animals were randomly divided into5groups:Model group Ⅱ (normal saline,0.2mL/d)、 Positive control Ⅲ (200mg/kg acarbose,0.2mL/d)、Low dose group Ⅳ (200mg/kg PAVF,0.2mL/d)、 Middle dose group Ⅴ (400mg/kg PAVF,0.2mL/d)、High dose group VI (800mg/kg PAVF,0.2mL/d). Diet and drink freely, and measured body weight every week. After35days, observe fasting blood glucose levels (FBG)、organ index、fasting serum insulin (FSI)、glycogen content, glycated serum protein content (GSP) and glucokinase (GCK) content, observed the tissue morphology of pancreas and kidney with HE stain, and the mRNA expressions of GLUT4、Akt and PI3K in muscle and fat, InsR in liver with real-time Real-time RT-PCR).[Results](1) PAVF can made the tissue morphology of kidney as well as pancreas both improved. The conformal degree of kidney would be better. For example, the glomerular basement membrane thinned, tubular dilatation mitigated, the number of vacuoles in the cytoplasm of epithelial reduced, tissue structure of kidney were more clearly and regularly, as well as glomerular basement membrane and tubular structures returned to normal, which the positive control group Ⅲ and PAVF high dose group VI was significantly improved compared;(2)PAVF also allows pancreatic showed positive pathological changes, especially the PAVF high dose group VI had obvious effect, such as secreting islet cell morphology in mice have been greatly improved, the number of βcells increased, cells arranged more regular, vacuolar or swell cells reduced, what indicated that PAVF have a therapeutic effect to the tissue morphology of pancreas as well as kidney. (3) The mRNA expression of PI3K, Akt and GLUT4in muscle and fat, and InsR in liver of DM mice with PAVF have a significantly improve prepared with mode, and its positive effects are dose-related PAVF. Among them, the impact on the expression levels of GLUT4mRNA in the muscle of DM mice with PAVF were most obvious, expression levels of GLUT4mRNA in PAVF high dose group Ⅵ can be increased228.00%in a significant difference (P<0.01) compared with the model groupⅡ, in no significant difference compared with Normal control group I and positive control III.[conclusion]PAVF had a significant hypoglycemic effect for ALX-induced DM mice, the possible hypoglycemic mechanism are as follows:①Protected and repaired the β cells in the pancreas, and stimulated the secretion of insulin.②Promoted the glucose utilization and metabolism in the peripheral tissue and target organ. The experiment proved that the PAVF could significantly increase the GLUT4mRNA expression level in muscle and adipose tissue in the DM mice.③Improved the glycogen content, and reduced the blood sugar.④Improve the content of GCK, and ameliorate glucose metabolism in DM mice.⑤ncreased the GLUT4, Akt and PI3K mRNA expression levels in the insulin signaling pathway by activating the insulin signaling pathway, further increased glucose transport stimulated by INS, improved the body’s sensitivity to insulin, and ultimately achieve the purpose of hypoglycemic.