Effects Of Single And Union Exposure Of Atrazine And Chlorpyrifos On Autophagy In The Immune Organs Of Common Carp

The triazine herbicide atrazine and the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos are frequently and extensively applied in agriculture by runoff and leaching, which could contaminate the aquatic system and effect aquatic organisms, especially fish. Autophagy is a lysosomal pathway dependent on cytosolic proteins and organelles degradation. Recent studies indicate that the autophagy is more than a way to get energy in the starvation state, and is closely related with the cellular homeostasis, ontogeny, aging, and environmental stress.When carp was exposure to atrazine (4.28.42.8and428μg/L), chlorpyrifos (1.16,11.6and116μg/L) and their mixture (1.13,11.3and113μg/L). we detected the effects of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10,TNF-a and TGF-(3), autophagy-related gene (LC3. dynein and TOR) expression, morphological structure, antioxidant function (ASA、AHR、POD), nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the head kidney and spleen of common carp. The results showed that:1. Single and combined exposure of atrazine and chlorpyrifos could induce IL-6,IL-8. TNF-a, IL-10and TGF-(3mRNA expression increased or decreased in head kidney and spleen of carp, which illustrated atrazine and chlorpyrifos had immune toxicity on head kidney and spleen of carp.2. Single and combined exposure of atrazine and chlorpyrifos could promote medium and high concentration group of autophagy, and increase the mRNA expression of LC3and dynein, and reduce the mRNA expression of TOR. In the recovery period, autophagy genes in low concentration group tended to normal levels. Generated autophagy suggests autophagy is a positive way to the damage of pesticides.3. Single and combined exposure of atrazine and chlorpyrifos could induce oxidative stress and increase the activityof iNOS and the production of NO in fish, however all reduced the activities of ASA, AHR and POD, resulting in the damage of antioxidant function. Combined exposure was damaged more seriously than Single group. After recovery, the low exposure concentration could be resumed to the normal level, the exposure medium and high concentration group were significantly different than the control group. In conclusion, atrazine and chlorpyrifos single and joint sub-chronic exposure, inducing the dysregulation of inflammatory cytokine (IL-6. IL-8, IL-10. TNF-a and TGF-(3) expression and increasing of LC3and dynein mRNA expression and decreasing of TOR, large amounts of autophagy stimulated autophagy. In head kidney and spleen, they were damaged with reducing antioxidant function, increaseing levels of free radicals and confirming atrazine and chlorpyrifos immunotoxicity effect. The results provide the basis for the rich of atrazine and chlorpyrifos toxicology data.