Study On Supercritical Extraction Of Active Components From Camellia Oleifera Abel.

Camellia oleifera Abel. tree is one of four top woody oil plants in the world.Camellia oleifera seed oil contains unsaturated fatty acids in about90%, so calledEastern olive oil. In addition, Camellia oleifera is rich in many bioactive substancessuch as saponins, polyphenols. Saponins and polyphenols arerespectively excellentnatural non-ionic surfactants and antioxidants with a variety of of physiologicalactivity, and therefore they are widely used in medicine, agriculture, daily chemicalsand other fields.However, the conventional extraction methods for saponinsand polyphenols havemany disadvanges such as complicated processes, lagre amount of organic solvents,resulting in products with low quality. In this paper, in order to develop thecomprehensive utilization of Camellia oleifera and further improve products value, akind of green, clean and highly efficient technology-supercritical CO2extraction wasused to extract seed oil and other active components such as saponin and polyphenolsfrom Camellia oleifera seeds and hulls.First, SC-CO2was used to extraction seed oil from Camellia oleifera seeds. Theinfluences of the extraction temperature, pressure and CO2flow rate on oil extractionyield were mainly investigated. The result shows that the oil extraction yield is up to29.42%under the optimal extraction conditions of45℃,30MPa,2L/min of CO2flow rate,2.5h. According to GB/T5525-5538, the acid values, saponification values,peroxide values, moistures and volatile contents, impurity contents of the pressed oiland the oil products using supercritical CO2extraction were determinated andcompared. The result suggests that the oil products using supercritical CO2extractionmeet the secondary edible oil national standards.Next, the influences of differentextractants including methanol, ethanol, acetone and n-hexane on saponins andpolyphenols extraction yields were investigated using Soxhlet extraction from thedeoiled seed meal and ethanol was finally chosen as the suitable entrainer forsupercritical extraction of saponins and polyphenols. The effects of extractiontemperature, pressure, entrainer concentration (ethanol water volume ratio), flow rateof the entrainer on saponins and polyphenols extraction yields were mainly studied. The optimal extraction conditions were obtained as follows:55℃,30MPa,75%ethanol solution,1.5mL/min of the entrainer,1.5h and the saponins and polyphenolsextraction yields are maximums of14.9%and1.25%respectively. the purities ofsaponins and polyphenols are62.49%and5.26%respectively.Finally, using Camellia oleifera hulls as raw materials, saponins and polyphenolswere extracted with supercritical extraction technology at the optimal extractionconditions. The result shows that saponins and polyphenols extraction yields are2.58%and13.34%respectively, the purities of saponins and polyphenols are9.06%and46.76%respectively. Using the whole Camellia oleifera Abel. fruits (includingseeds and hulls) as raw materials, the extraction yields of saponins and polyphenolsreach10.64%and5.44%respectively. SC-CO2extraction technology has remarkabletechnical advantages and potential economic value on comprehensive developmentand utilization of Camellia oleifera Abel. products.