Study Of The Tool Path Planning In Ultra-precision Turning To Get Non-rotary Symmetrical Curve

The non-rotary symmetrical curved optical elements are often used as a keycomponent in the field of modern optics and communications. Compared toconventional rotary symmetrical curved optical elements, the non-rotary symmetricalcurved optical elements can greatly simplify the structure. Therefore, they are widelyused in various systems of military and civilian. However, for the non-rotarysymmetrical curved optical elements often require high precision, their processing arestill very difficult. But the ultra-precision turning is one of the important means in theprocessing of the non-rotary symmetrical curved optical elements. Therefore, it isimportant to research the processing theory.This article focuses on the research and analysis of the tool path planningtechniques and related issues in the ultra-precision turning to get the non-rotarysymmetrical curved optical elements. In this article we successfully apply the equalscallop height tool path planning method into the ultra-precision turning. The maincontents include the following aspects.The composition and the processing principle of the machine is described. Bycomparing, we pointed the characteristics of the Fast Tool Servo turning and Slow ToolServo turning. Then we defined the work piece coordinate system, the machinecoordinate system, the tool coordinate system and the tool definition coordinate system.And then we deduced the mutual conversion between the four coordinate systems.Secondly, we introduced the characteristics and the classification of diamond tool. Thenwe made a geometry analysis on the conical flank tool and the cylindrical flank tool.And then we deduced the equations of the conical surface, the cylindrical surface, therespective rake and the cutting edge of the two kind of tool. Then we deduced thedistance between the origin of tool coordinate system and the origin of the tooldefinition coordinate system in each axis. Then we analyzed the calculation method ofthe rake angle, the clearance angle, the tool radius and the arc angle of the cutting edge.And then we made a validation by an example.We analyzed the common tool path planning method. By comparing, we selectedthe machining strategy and the cutting form. Then we analyzed the circumferentialseparation method and the radial direction separation method in the separation of thetool contact points and at the same time we identified the problems in common methods.Then, we deduced the calculation method of the space alone radial direction in threecases in the equal scallop height method and the calculation method of the tool sitepoints. We also deduced the calculation method of the tool site points when the rakeangle is existed. And then we summarized the generation algorithm of the tool sitepoints and verified it by examples. How the cubic Bezier curve fitting method is used in the solving of the tool pathexpression is deduced. And then we get the tool path expression. Based on it wededuced the solving method of the spindle speed. Then we analyzed the roughingmethod and the simulation methods of roughing of the curve. And then derive surfacefinishing simulation method. Then we proved the correctness of the simulation methodsand the tool path planning method.This tool path planning successfully considered the execute ability of the twolinear axes of the machine, which can give full play to the machine’s processingcapacity. At the same time, the work has done can give help to the further study ofultra-precision turning in the processing of the non-rotary symmetrical curved opticalelements.