The Spatial Differentiation Research Of Oasis Economic-Ecological Landscape In The Manas River Basin

The contradiction which economic development causes the degeneration of ecological function is widespread in the social and economic development of arid areas. The form and structure of ecological space has changed due to the expansion of economic space, the result not only affects the function and value of ecosystem, but also limits the sustainable development of oasis economy finally. As the northwest typical inland river basin in arid areas, the Manas river basin’s ecological environment is fragile and complex. In this article, through analyzing the space differentiation of landscape types and oasis economy, the spatial relationship between them in Manas river basin, revealing the rules of ecological- economic spatial differentiation in the continental river basin.On the basis of ecological economy, landscape ecology, using the methods of spatial analysis, geological statistics, in the technology platform of Arc GIS, Fragstats and GEODA, analysis landscape dynamic change and pattern differentiation process by the interpretation of remote sensing image, landscape classification, spatial overlay, index calculation. With per capita GDP, population size and other indicators characterize the space attribute of oasis development, expressed in interpolation method to realize its space characteristic, get the spatial and temporal variation of river basin oasis economic development, finally through the overlay analysis study the relationship in oasis economic space expansion and landscape pattern differentiation, to explore the law of economic spatial expansion and its ecological rationality, effectiveness and coordinated development. The results showed that:(1)In river basin, during 1994 to 2014, landscape dynamic change in general to cultivated land and construction land increase, and other classes to reduce, artificial landscape in he trend of "rise", the natural landscape in the trend of "fall", including arable land has become the dominant landscape types, and the transitions between various landscape types is very frequent, transfer mode is complicated.(2) During 1994 to 2014, the distribution of cultivated land and construction land is becoming more and more concentrated, connectivity and dominance are increased, the landscape is more complicated and fragmentation degree increase in oasis-desert transition zone. At landscape level, increasingly adjacent in various patches, the shape is more and more simple and neat, fragmentation and richness is reduced, advantage landscape of increasingly concentrated distribution and gradually occupied the dominant position, this change has a negative effect on the diversity and stability of ecological system in Manas river basin.(3) During 1994 to 2014, the space differentiation characteristics of landscape embodied in three aspects. The larger value of landscape density regions moving from the central of Shawan county to Xiayedi irrigation area, the fragmentation degree increasing in oasis-desert transition zone; The more complex regions of landscape shape moving from the central oasis to Xiayedi irrigation area and Manas irrigation area; Landscape diversity presents from the oasis plain to upper piedmont alluvial fan and to oasis-desert transition zone.(4) During 1994 to 2014, in Manas river basin, the Global Moran’s I index of per capita GDP increase in volatility, illustrate the economic of research unit gradually gathered on the space, local dispersion exists. In the local differences, oasis economic space differentiation overall distribution pattern is “strong east, west weak”, internal difference is smaller, relatively orderly distribution. Natural conditions and infrastructure, industrial structure, population quality, policy factor is the main reason for the economic differences exist.(5) A three-way race on the economic space difference affect the landscape pattern change in Manas river basin, additional population growing northwest desert expansion, human demand lead to partial unused development, at the same time, it reveals the population increased the ecological environment of oasis desertification of negative meaning. Therefore, the differences of the river basin oasis economic development affects the distribution features of the landscape, the landscape pattern changes also restricted the smooth and balanced development of the economy, in the building of the new silk road economic belt, be sure to follow the ecological law, developing with the characteristic of the oasis ecological economy, pay attention to the coordination on relationship between economic development, population growth and ecological landscape. Maintain economic development, population growth and ecological landscape differentiation coordinate with each other, to promote healthy and rapid development of oasis economy at the same time pay attention to the protection and restoration of ecosystem services, to promote healthy and rapid development of oasis economy at the same time pay attention to the protection and restoration of ecosystem services.