50 Kinds Of Flowering Plants Response To Climate Changes In Northeast China

The impact of climate change on plants has increasing attention from all sectors of society. Plant phenology generally refers to the relationship between the plant and its life history surrounding ecological environment. It is also the environment response to climate change the most sensitive and intuitive biological indicators. Flowering is an important phenophase and the start of plant reproduction, the shift of flowering is a core property of the series phenological variations. Northeast China locates on the sensitive zone of northern high latitudes, many local species have phenological responses to global warming significantly. We would like to explore the characteristics of flowering response to global warming of 50 woody species in Heilongjiang province by the following analysis. Based on the data sets of flowering observation and monthly average temperature during the past 52 years in Forest Botanical Garden of Heilongjiang Province, we analyzed the flowering responses to the raising temperature of 50 woody species. (1) The warming trend of study site was remarkable during the past decades, the increasing range of average annual temperature and average springtime temperature reached 0.49℃ per 10 years synchronously, and exceeded the average of global and nationwide level significantly; (2) 37 species showed advanced responses to the warming in first flowering date, and 38 species showed advanced responses to the warming in peak flowering date. The flowering date mainly has remarkable correlation in April or May average temperature, and the rate was species to specific, the 37 species shift to 2.43 d/℃ earlier first flowering date in average, and the 38 species shift to 2.09 d/℃ earlier peak flowering date in average. Basically in synchronizing ahead of trends. The other species did not have the response or uncorrelated to the temperature changing; (3) There are differences in different species of flowering response to spring average temperature in different months, most species of first flowering (34 species) has obviously relationship with April average temperature (P≤0.01) or significant correlation (0.01<P<0.05), a small number of species (three kinds) has obviously relationship with May average temperature or significant correlation. And changes in terms of peak flowering and first flowering have basic synchronization. There are 31 species has significantly correlated with April and three kinds of botany was obviously relationship with this month. There are also 4 species has obviously relationship with May. Most of them have the similar characteristic of earlier flowering date in late April or early May; (4) The classification of flowering in response to climate warming, the species by pollination types and fruit types, so as to study whether flowering response to climate warming affected functional traits. The result showed no response signal. The results identified with the relevant studies in Europe and North America, and laid a good foundation for the further studies.