The Research Of Geographical Distribution Pattern And Habitat Characteristic Of Papilionidae In China

Has based on Regionalization of Chinese animal geography, the research analyzes the geographical distribution pattern and habitat characteristic of Papilionidae in 16 study area units, which is containing 3 subfamily 20 genera and 111 species. All the study area units are the mountainous habitats of Papilionidae, which are Greater-khingan, Chang-bai,Tai-hang, Qin-ling, Da-ba, Zhe-jiang, Fu-jian, Nan-ling, Hai-nan, Xi-shuang-ban-na,Li-jiang, Altai, Tian-shan, Kun-lun, Qi-lian and the Himalayas. The article is mainly about geographical distribution and habitat research of swallowtail butterflies, using the methods of Cluster Analysis and Regression Analysis by SPSS software, and based on the methods of Geographic Information System by Arc GIS software, etc. The results are as follows.I. Collecing the distribution data and getting the genera and fauna components of Papilionidae in each study areas units, getting that the species or genera and the diversity increase gradually depending on latitudes from high to low. The study area units of Altai,Tian-shan, Kun-lun, Qi-lian, Greater-khingan, Chang-bai and Tai-hang, are the main distribution areas of Palaearctic species, as well as widespread species. While the study area units of Qin-ling, Da-ba, Zhe-jiang, Li-jiang and the Himalayas are the common distribution areas of Palaearctic, Oriental and widespread species. The study area units of Fu-jian,Nan-ling, Xi-shuang-ban-na and Hai-nan, are the main distribution areas of Oriental species,as well as widespread species.II. Drawing the distribution pattern of Papilionidae by Arc GIS software, the result is that the distribution pattern of Papilionidae shows respectively in subfamily-level of taxonomic category. The study area units of Qin-ling, Da-ba, Zhe-jiang, Fu-jian, Nan-ling,Hai-nan, Xi-shuang-ban-na and Li-jiang, are the main distribution areas of Papilioninae. The distribution areas of Zerynthinae are disjunctive and separated by different genus-level of taxonomic category. The study area units of Chang-bai, Tai-hang, Qin-ling, Da-ba,Zhe-jiang and Li-jiang are the main distribution areas of Zerynthinae. The study area units of Altai, Tian-shan, Kun-lun, Qi-lian, the Himalayas, Greater-khingan, Chang-bai, Tai-hang and Qin-ling are the main distribution areas of Parnassiinae.III. Having got system clustering by Jaccard Coefficient of Papilionidae species in 16 study area units with SPSS software, the results are shown the study area units in East China Monsoon Region get a big cluster, while the study area units in Inner Mongolia-XinjiangRegion and Qinghai-Tibet Region get a big cluster. For the small groups, the results are shown as follows. Greater-khingan, Chang-bai and Tai-hang are gathered as a small group.The areas Qin-ling and Da-ba are gathered as a small group. Zhe-jiang, Fu-jian and Nan-ling are gathered as a small group. Hai-nan and Xi-shuang-ban-na are gathered as a small group. Li-jiang is as a small group alone. Altai and Tian-shan are gathered as a small group. Kun-lun, Qi-lian and the Himalayas are gathered as a small group.IV. Having research on distribution patterns and habitats of the two subfamilies in Papilionidae which are Papilioninae and Parnassiinae use the software of SPSS and Arc GIS. Analyze the key natural geographical environment factors influenced the habitats of Papilioninae and Parnassiinae via Principal Component Analysis by SPSS software, with the data of annual average temperature, annual precipitation and altitude in study areas. Try to get the equation, to express the correspondence between species relative value in study areas as variable and natural geographical environment factors as argument by nonlinear fitting using SPSS software, and the environment factors can be described by the data of relative value of annual average temperature, annual precipitation and altitude in the same areas.Draw the fitting habitats of Papilioninae and Parnassiinae by Raster Calculator tool in Arc GIS software, and classify them into seven levels, as suitability gradually getting better for insects survival. The results is that the fitting habitat of Papilioninae is mainly in the regions of the Central, the Southwest and the South China, while the fitting habitat of Parnassiinae is mainly in the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Region and the Qinghai-Tibet Region. Therefore,the results of fitting habitat suitability analysis are consistent with actual habitats of the two subfamilies.