Study On The Diversity Of Uncultured Bacterium And Cultured Actinomycetes From Seven Species Herbivorous Animals Faeces, And The Bioactive Of Cultured Actinomycetes

Nowadays, the biggest challenge that the mankind faces is how to quickly and efficiently find the useful bioactive substances with pharmaceutical potential prevailing of antibiotic resistance, new diseases, super bacteria. Animals faeces actinomycetes are a kind of resource developed scarcely. In this study, throughing the methods of culturable and high throughput to investigate seven species herbivorous animals faeces actinomycetes. Seeking potential actinomycetes strains resources is principal work in study. In addition, researching the diversity and some bioactive of actinomycetes isolated these samples to gain as much as possible of actinomycetes strains of application value.Firstly, In paper seven species herbivorous animals faeces(Rusa unicolor, Rhinoceros unicornis, Elephas maximus, Lama pacos, Giraffa camelopardalis, Connochaetes taurinus, Equus burchelli)bacterial V4 of gene of 16S rRNA by high throughput sequencing technology. A total of 442,470 bacteria V4 sequences of 16S rRNA gene were obtained and 2,463(a threshold of 97% identity)OTUs(operational taxonomic units), and belonged to identified eighteen phylums of bacteria (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, etc). They distributed hundreds farmilies and genera. The percent of actinomycetes in Rusa unicolor, Rhinoceros unicornis, Elephas maximus, Lama pacos, Giraffa camelopardalis, Connochaetes taurinus, Equus burchelli are 2.0%,1.0%,1.0%, 14.0%,9.0%,4.0% and 1.0%, respectively.Secondly, to isolate actinomycetes strains by selecting different separation methods and culture medium. A total of 525 strians actinomycetes, they distributed 2 subclasses, 2 orders,20 farmilies and 36 genera, containing many of potential new taxa strains. YIM 101269, named Tessaracoccus rhinocerotis, was identified a new species of the genus of Tessaracoccus using the method of taxonomy of actinomycetes.Finally, through screening of functional genes? antimicrobial activity, cellulase and Keratin activity on the 525 fecal actinomycetes,57 strains showed activity against Bacillus subtilis,74 strains showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus,56 strains showed activity against escherichia coli,74 strains showed activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis,50 strains showed activity against Candida albicans and 54 strains showed activity against Aspergillus niger,349 strains detected the functional genes of PKS-ⅠPKS-Ⅱ NRPS、CYP、SAL and AHBH.179 strains could hydrolyze cellulose and 124 strains colud hydrolyze keratin.The particularity of the intestinal environment, some genetic bases of fecal actinomycetes strains could be replaced, increased, or missed. These results would lead to the special function and metabolism compared the strians isolated from other environments. How to protect and utilize the actinomycetes resources is responsibility of human beings.