| Based on the theory of landscape ecology and related quantitative analysis methods and GIS, RS, FRAGSTATS and Canoco software technical support, using the 2004, 2009,2013 and 2014 four remote sensing images, combined with our integrated analysis of land classification system, the research analyzed and compiled out the land use data of the four periods of research area. And the study summarized the overall situation and regional distribution characteristics of land use and landscape pattern in Jinghong during 10 years periods. On this basis, combined with socio-economic data, according to the CCA model multivariate, it analyzed socio-economic factors to drive the land-use landscape pattern changes in Jinghong and explored the impact of various factors on the pattern of different types of landscape. The main conclusions of the study are as follows:(1) Over the 10 years, the number of land use in the study area has changed a lot. In 2004-2009, tea gardens and bare land areas were significantly increased, whose the rates of increase respectively were 406.4% and 140.27%, and were mainly from the transfer of rubber plantation. The largest transfer area of rubber forest and dry land were 1906.339 hm2 and 1788.41 hm2 respectively, and transfer area of the water was only 1.046 hm2. In 2009-2014, the highest rate of area change was banana, which was 166.63% and this area increased 659.34 hm2 due to the conversion of a lot of dry land and rubber plantation. The areas of shrub, rubber plantation, montane rain forest, bare land and residential were basically unchanged, whose change rate were less than 10%.(2) The landscape pattern structure was not the same in 10 years. In 2004, banana was the dominant landscape and had the most complex shape and highest degree of aggregation; The rubber plantation was secondary dominant landscape; Although oak tea dominance and fragmentation were lowest, they had most simple form and the highest degree of aggregation; The most irregular shape of type was paddy field. Tropical rain forests had the biggest patch density and the most serious fragmentation of type. In 2009, all landscape patch densities were lower than 2004, rainforest had the lowest richness and dominance; the regular shape was paddy field. The patch types of adjacent to the rubber forest and water were single, which mainly were dry lands and residents land. In 2014, tropical seasonal rain forest was dominant landscape fragmentation with the highest richness and degree of aggregation. The smallest fragmentation of type was water; at the same time, the shape of tea garden was the most irregular.(3) Landscape pattern characteristics of different time periods were different in Jinghong. In 2004-2009, the patch density and diversity decreased significantly and the degree of aggregation of the landscape increased. It may be due to the increase of urban economic development and population, making land use more complicated. In 2009-2014, the patch density and diversity were increased slightly, and the degree of aggregation of the landscape declined slightly. This phenomenon may be a response to the urban development policy of ecological civilization, such as rubber plantation acreage reduction and protection of arable land. However, due to heavy urban economic development, it was a slight change.(4) The results of CCA sequencing showed that, the total number of population (POP) and fruit production(FP) were the main driving forces of land use spatial pattern in the study area in 10 years. POP was main forces for contagion index (CONTAG), aggregation index change (AI), patch density (PD) and Shannon’s evenness index (SHEI); gross domestic product (GDP) was the main driving factor for largest patch index (LPI). Fixed assets investment (FAI) has a certain degree of influence on interspersion and juxtaposition index (IJI) and area-weighted mean shape index (SHAPE_AM). |
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