| The species of Laruaceae familly were a sorts of very important plants, bacause they were played important roles in the economic and social development, such as in timber, medicinal, spices, ecological environment and ecological culture, etc. In this paper, the karyotype of 17 species of 5 genus in Lauraceae familly were analysised, and based on the ISSR molecular markers, the genetic relationship of 21 species from 6 genus in Lauraceae were analysised. Meanwhile, the genetic relationships of 8 species in Machilus genus were analyzed with the clustering method. This paper can provide a better basis for the further research on biology and genetics of the species in Lauraceae. The main results were as follows:1. The karyotype of 17 species from 5 genus in Lauraceae This paper carried out a study on karypotype of 17 species from 5 genus in Lauraceae, the results showed that: there were three karoytypes for"1B","2A"and "2B". The karyotypes of 4 species in Cinnamomum were "2B". The karyotypes of 2 species in Phoebe (P.neurantha and P. bournei) were "2B" and "2A" respectively. The karyotypes of 8 species in Machilus were all of three types; The karyotypes of 2 species in Neolitsea(N aurata and N. chuii) were "2A" and "2B" respectively. The karyotype of Sassafras tzumu in Sassafras was "2B". In generally, "1B" and "2A" were primitive types which belonging to symmetrical, while "2B" was more advanced in system evolution.2. The characteristics of karyptype in Lauraceae plants Combined the researches of this paper and which had published, there were 42 species have been studied the karyotype in Lauraceae familly. The results showed that there were 4 types of karyotypes for "1A", "1B", "2A" and "2B", and no "C" type of karyotype. This result demonstrated that the karoyptype of Lauraceae species were relative symmetrical, and belonging to the primitive type in the system evolution. The chromosome numbers and ploidy-levels were different from species in Lauraceae.38 species were the chromosome number of 2n=2x=24, belonging to the diploid. And 4 species were polyploidy, and in which, the chromosome numbers of 3 species(Cassytba filiformis, Laurus nobili and Sassafras albidum) were 2n=4x=48, belonging to tetraploid; the chromosome numbers of Taiwan neolitsea was 2n=6x=72, belonging to hexaploid. Howhever, the basic chromosome number was all the same in Lauraceae species, i.e:x=12.3. Establishment and optimization of ISSR-PCR reaction system in Lauraceae species The ISSR-PCR Reaction and amplification system in Lauraceae species were establishment and optimization by the single factor experiment using the materials of Machilus pingii DNA.4. The relationship research of 21 species from 6 genus in Lauraceae based on the ISSR analysis The genomic DNA of 21 species from 6 genus in Lauraceae were amplified using 9 suitable primers, the result showed that the 21 species were classified into 3 cluster group:the first type was tribe cinnamomeae, including genus of Cinnamomum(4 species) and Sassafras(1 species); the second type was tribe Perseae, including genus of Phoebe(4 species) and Machilus(8 species); the third type was tribe Litaeae, including genus of Neolitsea(3 species) and Litsea(1 species). The different species among genus were completely separate, and the species within genus were clustered into one group when the genetic distance was 0.99. This result was as same as the the traditional morphological classification.5 The relationship analysis of 8 species in Machilus The 8 species in Machilus can be classified into two groups base on cluster analysis according to the parameter of karyotype: the first group included 5 species, i.e. M. salicina, M. pauhoi, M. leptophylla M. pingii and M. oculodracontis of the sect.of pubiflorae, and M. oculodracontis of the sect, megalocarpae; the second group included 3 species, i.e.M thunbergii and M. phoenicis of the sect, glabriflorae, and M. velutina of the sect. tomentosae. Base on the ISSR analysis, they also be classified into two groups:the first group contained 6 species, added the M. velutina of above second group into; and the second group only contained M. thunbergii and M. phoenicis, the two species of sect. glabriflorae. The author supports the latter results, and considering that M. oculodracontis which belong to the sect. megalocarpae and M. velutina which belong to the sect. tomentosae are all with a hair in perianth lobes which consistent with the grouping characteristics of sect. pubiflorae, and these two kinds of plants clustering together with sect. pubiflorae which consistent with the morphological characteristics, while the sect. glabriflorae clustering itself. According to the reasons present above, we can preliminary thought that whether there is a hair in perianth lobes should be the most important characteristics basis in machilus grouping, and with this characteristics the machilus can just divide into sect. pubiflorae and sect. glabriflorae. |
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