| Ussuri mamushi are widely distributed in most of the mountains in Northeast China, mainly in the Changbai Mountains, big and small Hinggan alin Mountains, Zhang Guangcai alin Mountains and Laoye alin Mountains area. Ussuri mamushi in different geographic isolation regions become gradually differentiating their differences.The researcher selected the three regions specimens from Qingyuan, Liaoning Province, Linjiang, Jilin Province and Sunwu, Heilongjiang Province in this paper. Did some experiments about field vemon collecting and indoor feeding and venom collecting; analyzed the production of venom both damp and dry and the rate of water content; did SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of snake venom, compared the bands and analyzed differences in protein composition and its content; dissected and measured the Ussuri mamushi head structure. To analyze the head structure, production of vemon and protein composition got the results as follows:Ussuri mamushi head structure from different origin exist differences. Front-Snout-Length has significant difference between ussuri mamushi from different regions. There are no difference between Sunwu and Linjiang, but significant difference between Qingyuan and Linjiang. As a matter of fact, the differences in the head structure is the difference about the relative length fangs to tip of snout and finally expressed in bite force at the fangs. The bite force:Sunwu > Linjiang > Qingyuan. Ussuri mamushi head bone and other structures from different regions, length of fangs, masseter muscle attachment points to the end of the mandible length(B), orbital bone trailing edge to snout length(C), “F” and venom gland size have significant difference. Length of fangs, Linjiang was significantly higher than that of Qingyuan, between Linjiang and Sunwu, Sunwu and Qingyuan the differences are not significant; “B” structure, Qingyuan was significantly higher than that of Linjiang and Sunwu; “C” structure, Qingyuan was significantly higher than that of Linjiang and Sunwu; “F” structure, Sunwu was significantly higher than that of Linjiang and Qingyuan; venom gland size, Qingyuan was significantly higher than that of Linjiang and Sunwu.Ussuri mamushi production of venom both damp and dry and the rate of water content from different origin exist differences. Damp and dry venom production are significantly diffferent between different distribution regions. Damp and dry venom production are significantly different between three regions’ populations, Qingyuan>Linjiang>Sunwu. What determine the difference about damp venom production is the size of venom gland.Ussuri mamushi venom protein component from different origin exist differences. Electrophoresis results of reducted samples shows different proteins componens content have differences. These differences are L- amino acid oxidase(Qingyuan>Sunwu>Linjiang), Ussuri mamushi snake venom thrombin-like enzymes(Sunwu>Linjiang>thrombin Qingyuan), novel platelet agglutination-inhibited metalloproteinases(Sunwu>Linjiang>Qingyuan), an unknown protein with molecular weight 26.127kDa(Linjiang>Sunwu>Qingyuan), Gln49 Phospholipase A2(Qingyuan>Linjiang>Sunwu), an unknown protein with molecular weight 12.224kDa(Qingyuan>Linjiang>Sunwu), an unknown protein with molecular weight of about 11.517kDa(Sunwu>Qingyuan>Linjiang), an unknown protein molecular weight with 10.448kDa(Qingyuan>Linjiang>Sunwu). Non electrophoresis results bands of reducted samples showed that, the molecular weight about 15.833 kDa in Qingyuan’s venom proteins componens is missing, Linjiang and Sunwu are exist.The differences in the structure of the head showed the adaptation to different habitats in there different regions. In the ussuri mamushi venom from the warmer regions, neurotoxin content has a higher proportion, but in ussuri mamushi venom from more cold regions, hemotoxin has a higher proportion by contraries. Human beings show protect the ussuri mamushi population and than they could rationally exploite and utilise with the ussuri mamushi venom. |
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