The Climate Spatial-Temporal Evolution In The Forest-steppe Ecotone Of Hulunbeir City And The Response Of Ecological System

In this paper, the Hulunbuir forest-steppe ecotone is the study area. Through the analysis between the ecotone and the surrounding area where is forest or steppe, we research the Characteristics of the climate spatial-temporal patterns and the response of the ecological system.In the study of the climate spatial-temporal patterns, the study area’s climate characteristics of air temperature, precipitation, drought index from the three aspects of time, space and typical weather stations are analysed in this paper.From the time, it was found that the temperature of study area was gradually increased during the 52 years, and the trend of increased temperatures fast in the beginning, and then slowed down; The rainfall had a reduced process from 1959 to 1980, and an increase process from 1981 to 1990, and a reduced process again from 1991 to 2010; While the drought index had an upward trend in the whole time, rising slowly from 1959 to 2000, and rising fast from 2001 to 2010.From the space, the temperature of the study area reduced with latitude elevating. During the study area, the southeast and southeast were the highest temperature places. The southern part was the lowest temperature place. As the temperature changed in the 52 years, the southeast of the central part, where is Hailar City and its surrounding area, was the fastest temperature place of the study area. The northeast part’s temperature increasing trend was lower. The northwest and northeast part’s trend was the lowest; The rainfall in the study area from west to east into a ladder-like distribution, which was corresponding to the distribution order of steppe area and forest-steppe ecotone forest area. In the 52 years, the most northern part of the study area had the fastest rainfall trend, followed by the southwest part, the eastern part and the centre part; the drought index was decreased from the southwest to the northeast of the study area. In the 52 years, the drought index increased in the whole study area. So the forest-steppe ecotone was more and more droughty. The trend of the drought index is also descending from the study area southwest to northeast.From the typical weather stations, no significant difference was found among the three typical areas. The reason is that the steppe, forest-steppe ecotone, forest area is distributed from west to east, while the air temperature was changing with latitude. The temperature of the six typical weather stations is an upward trend. Forest area average annual precipitation of the two weather stations was significantly higher than the two weather stations of the steppe ecotone, steppe ecotone two weather stations precipitation is significantly higher than the two weather stations of the steppe area; six weather stations the drought index is an upward trend, the trend of the drought index by the forest area, forest-steppe ecotone steppe turn faster, which is corresponding to the dynamic pattern of drought index space.The ecosystem response to climate change is system spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and study of regional climate and temporal variations of spatial and temporal contrast, quantitative analysis of the response of ecosystems to climate change.Through the analysis and comparison of ecosystem spatial and temporal evolution by 1995 and 2004, the spatial and temporal pattern changes in the ecosystem and the evolution trend are revealed.In the study of ecosystem response to climate change, the use of remote sensing image data, extract the study area calculated accordingly by net primary productivity (NPP), the spatial and temporal characteristics of changes in climate spatial and temporal changes in net primary productivity quantitative analysis and spatial analysis reveals the response of ecosystems to climate.Through the analysis of the forest-steppe ecotone’s climate change and the ecological system’s spatial pattern, the impact of climate change on ecosystems pattern is found, which not only has extremely important to the ecological protection of the Daxinganling Forest Area and Hulunbeier grassland in Northeast China, but also has a certain reference significance for other regions of the ecological system protection.