Comparative Genomics Analysis And Database Construction Of MITEs Transposons In Insects

Transposable elements(TEs) were originally discovered in maize by Barbara Mclintock in the 1940 s. Because of the rapid advance of information technology, more and more genomes are currently sequenced, and TEs are becoming hot spot in genomics and functional genomics research. Recent studies have shown that TEs are widespread in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes and play important roles on genome size. At the same time, we are facing huge difficulties on identification and classification analysis of TEs as they change rapidly.MITEs(Miniature Inverted Transposable Elements) were discovered by Bureau and Wessler for the first time, and later research showed that they also have high copies and conserved in host genomes. Especially, they will expand dramatically at a short time with the change of environment. However much attention has focused on plant and a small number of insects, so it is necessary to systematically identify MITEs in many species of insects.There have a total of 1 million insects on the earth, and we can find them everywhere. With the development of genome sequencing technology and the 5000 Insect Genome Project was launched, many insects genome sequence have been published, and it also provide a good opportunity for us to understand MITEs in insects. This study can not only help us understand the TEs in the insect genome but also improve the insect genome assembling.Based on the bioinformatics methods, we identified as well as annotated the MITEs in 45 insects genomes. The MITEs database build from these insects genome was also constructed and the main results as follows: 1. Identification and characterization of MITEs in coleoptera insectsWe analyzed 7 coleoptera insects including Agrilus planipennis, Anoplophora glabripennis, Dendroctonus ponderosae, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Onthophagus taurus, Priacma serrata, Tribolium castaneum, and we totally identified 563 MITEs families. Based on the characters of TSD and TIR, these families can be classified into 11 TIR superfamilies. We also found that the content as well as the types of MITEs significantly different in the insect genomes. MITEs family differed from 2 to 266 in the 7 coleoptera insects genomes, which is about 0.074%-3.303% of the whole genome. 2. Identification and characterization of MITEs in diptera insectsWe analyzed 11 Diptera insects including Aedes aegypti, Anopheles arabiensis, Bactrocera tryoni, Ceratitis capitata, Drosophila takahashii, Glossina austeni, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Mayetiola destructor, Megaselia scalaris, Musca domestica, Phlebotomus papatasi, and we totally identified 1068 MITEs families. Based on the characters of TSD and TIR, these families can be classified into 12 TIR superfamilies. We also found that the content as well as the types of MITEs significantly different in the insect genomes. MITEs family differed from 14 to 342 in the diptera insects genomes, which is about 0.874%-3.609% of the whole genome. 3. Identification and characterization of MITEs in hemiptera insectsWe analyzed 6 hemiptera insects including Acyrthosiphon pisum, Cimex lectularius, Diaphorina citri, Halyomorpha halys, Homalodisca vitripennis, Oncopeltus fasciatus, and we totally identified 677 MITEs families. Based on the characters of TSD and TIR, these families can be classified into 8 TIR superfamilies. We also found that the content as well as the types of MITEs significantly different in the insect genomes. MITEs family differed from 22 to 367 in the hemiptera insects genomes, which is about 0.235%-2.413% of the whole genome. 4. Identification and characterization of MITEs in hymenoptera insectsWe analyzed 17 hymenoptera insects including Apis dorsata, Apis florea, Athalia rosae, Atta cephalote, Bombus impatiens, Bombus terrestris, Camponotus floridanus, Cerapachys biroi, Copidosoma floridanum, Harpegnathos saltator, Linepithema humile, Megachile rotundata, Microplitis demolitor, Nasonia vitripennis, Orussus abietinus, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, Solenopsis invicta, and we totally identified 1582 MITEs families. Based on the characters of TSD and TIR, these families can be classified into 9 TIR superfamilies. We also found that the content as well as the types of MITEs significantly different in the insect genomes. MITEs family differed from 1 to 187 in the hymenoptera insects genomes, which is about 0.009%-3.168% of the whole genome. 5. Identification and characterization of MITEs in lepidoptera insectsWe analyzed 4 lepidoptera insects including Chilo suppressalis, Limnephilus lunatus, Melitaea cinxia, Spodoptera frugiperda, and we totally identified 439 MITEs families. Based on the characters of TSD and TIR, these families can be classified into 7 TIR superfamilies. We also found that the content as well as the types of MITEs significantly different in the insect genomes. MITEs family differed from 3 to 27 in the lepidoptera insects genomes, which is about 0.353%-1.745% of the whole genome. 6. The construction of transpasable elements database in insect, i MITEdbWe totally identified 4302 MITEs families, and then collected some information as copies、superfamily name、TIR、TSD. i MITEdb was constructed using Linux、My SQL、Apache and Perl. So to some extent, the database will give us new insight for understanding the genomics and transpasable elements.