Study On Microorganism Community Structure Diversity And Phylogenetic From Supraglacial Of The Glacier No.1in The Tianshan Mountains

Object:Glacier surface is less affected by human activity,it is normally open systems,microorganisms fromthe atmospheric circulation and precipitation can survival and reproduction in low temperature、extremelyoligotrophic environments on glacier surface,they even can maintain their metabolic activity insub-zero,thus provides excellent natural conditions for us to study and understand the f-unction of thisfunction groups on ecological effect of original ecological system and regional climate change.Reveal themicroorganisms on the glacier environment not only provides the theoretical basis for more reasonablyexplain the relationship between the glacier microbe and climate environment on the surface,but also toprovide basic information for understanding the glacier microbial populations and their functionsparticipating in the biogeochemical process.Methods:PCR,16Sr RNA gene and ITS genes clone library were used,by sequencing,structure ofcaynobacteria、bacterial and also Fungal communty respectively in supraglacial cryoconite、supraglacialmeltwater and subraglacial sediments were analysized by processing sequences and construction ofphylogenetic trees.Simultaneously,the structure diversity of multiple communities were compared.Results:By analysising the results of our study,main conclusions are gianed as follows：1.Analysis of16S rRNA gene sequences allowed grouping of101clones into12phylotypes (OTUs) usinga cut-off of97%identity.The phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of sequences affiliated to the orderOscillatoriales and Chroococcales except that three were unclassified.The clone library was dominated byrepresentatives of the order Oscillatoriales (81%of the total clones),and the most abundant organismswithin this order were in the genus Phormidium (68clones) including clones grouping into four phylotypes.The only clone of Chroococcales was closely related to the genus Chamaesiphon with97%similarity.Inaddition,the concentrations of nutrients in supglacial cryoconite were significantly higher than in the soil ofthe foreland environmental,in which available phosphorus and available potassium contents were2~5fold,nitrate nitrogen contents was10~20fold and organic content was3~9fold,respectively.Cryoconitegranule was homogeneously distributed on the surface of the Glacier No.1in the Tianshan Mountains,theconcentrations of nutrients were higher than other sites;The diversity index of cyanobacteria were relativelyhigh in supraglacial cryoconite of the Glacier No.1in the Tianshan Mountains.The community structurewas dominated by members of the genus Phormidium.2.It was revealed that most of fungi sequences in supraglacial cryoconites were affiliated to fiveorder,Which including Basidiomycota、 Ascomycota、 Chytridiomycota、 Monoblepharidomycota andChl-orophyta;While the phylogenetic community of the Fungi from subraglacial sediments belongs toB-asidiomycota、Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota.The results show that the group of Basidiomycota andAscomycota are the dominite members in doth supraglacial cryoconite and subraglacial sediments from theGlacier No.1in the Tianshan Mountains,The research results were corresponded with previous results from other glacier.In terms of the low genus level classification,the main dominated species are distinctlydifferent in the two environmental samples.The fungus from Leucosporidium、Tetracladium、Aspergillus、Rhizophydium and Rhodotorula genus are abundant in supraglacial cr-yoconite,while Simplicillium、Aspergillus、Phoma and Cladosporium fungus are abundant in subrag-lacial sediments,fungus from othergeneras were existed,but fewer.The fungal biomas and communi-ty diversity in supraglacial cryoconitewere higher than in subraglacial sediments.3.The phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of bacteria detected from supraglacial cryoconite an-d supraglacial meltwater were mainly affiliated to the phylum Proteobacteria,CFB (Cytophaga-Flexi-bacter-Bacteroides)and Actinobacteria,Which consistented with the previous research results found i-n recent years on the glacier from different geographical environment(including polar and low-latitude mountain glaciers),in which Proteobacteria was the maximum bacteria phylum. In the supraglacial cryoconite,it’s mainly consisted of Alhaproteobacteria(43%),Betaproteobacteria(48%), Gammaproteobacteria (8%),and Deltaproteobacteria (1%),While only the first three bacteria were detected insupraglacial meltwarter,Betaproteobacteria(86%) were the most dominated subphylum,Polaromonas isone of the highest abundance genus in the supraglacial cryoconite and supraglacial meltwater,andthis genus was also found in other various wordwide cold environments;CFB (Cytophaga-Flexibacte-r-Bacteroides)phylum was the second largest category of bacteria,Flavobacterium was the dominantspecies;Cyanobacteria,Chloroflexi,Planctomycetesdust were also detected in supraglacial cryoconite.Th-e bacteria biomas and diversity in supraglacial cryoconite were significantly higher than in subragl-acial meltwater,it has showed that numbers of bacteria are indigenous bacteria,other parts of bacter-ia are similier with the external environmental bacteria and may be exogenous bacteria.