Forest Landscape Pattern Analysis And Ecological Risk Assessment Along The Ming Great Wall In Beijing

Based on the Beijing Great Wall census data and forest resource survey data (contain stock map), the forest landscape pattern in the study area at a buffer width of 3km on both sides of the Ming Great Wall in Beijing were analyzed. Then, the spatial statistics and geo statistics were used to evaluate and analyze the ecological risk profile of the study area. And the corresponding conservation and management measures were briefly proposed, in order to provide theoretical and data reference for the ecological environment protection work of the Great Wall and its surrounding area.From the 4 aspects like landscape composition and structure characteristics, quantitative structure characteristics, fractal characteristics and stability, and landscape heterogeneity and patch complexity, the spatial pattern characteristics of forest landscape were analyzed by landscape pattern indexes. Data showed that forest land and shrub land were the dominant landscape types in the study area, accounting for about 83% of the total area, and the majority landscape patches were the small and medium-sized that under 0.5km2. Forest land represented the strongest aggregation, best connectivity and the lowest degree of fragmentation; open forest and no stumpage forest land have a poor landscape connectivity and high fragmentation. Agricultural land and other landscape types have the most irregular patch shapes. the highest degree of complexity, and the lowest stability. Between counties, Miyun had the highest degree landscape type diversity, and the lowest degree centralization, while Huairou was on the contrary.In order to reflect the comprehensive probability of ecological risk may occur, the study area was divided into 315 regions, and the relative ecological risk degree of each region was analyzed index and hemeroby index. Results showed that ecological risk in the border of southeastern Huairou and Miyun was highest, and take this as the center, reduced gradually to the southwest Huairou and northwest Miyun. Low risk areas were mainly distributed in the east Yanqing, east Miyun and Pinggu; high and relatively high risk region were mainly distributed in Huairou and Miyun. Among them, the high risk areas were mainly located in some famous sections of the Great Wall, known as Badaling, Huanghuacheng, Mutianyu, Wuzuolou, Gubeikou, as well as in Jinshanling and Simatai in Beijing.On the basis of the research above, the grade of relative ecological risk in the study area were classified, and the corresponding ecological risk prevention and management recommendations for each grade was put forward.