Primary Systematics Of Notoseris(Asteraceae-cichorieae)

Notoseris Shih,belonging to subtribe Lactucinae Less,tribe Cichorieae,familyCompositae,isa new genera which separated from Prenanthes L. by ShiZhu.Notoseris,Prenanthes and Lactuca and some genus which separated fromLactuca L., their characters have serious cross,causing difficulties inclassification,and the location is still in the family uncertain.In addition,their also existthe ill-defined and vague systematic relation in Notoseris.Therfore,this paper use thecollection of specimens studied,the original literature analysis,combined with wildpopulation of investigation,analysis and morphological range of variation andvariation margin of Notoseris related genus.Combined achene anatomy,micro achenemorphology,flower tongue mocro-morphology and karyotype analysis.The resultssupport Notoseris’s genus independent status,explores the relationship betweenNotoseris and related genus,the last,revise the phylogeny relationships of Notoseris.1Analysis of macro-mophological traits of NotoserisIn this paper,look up the specimen collection,survey the wild population andhave a detailed of morphological characters of Notoseris and related genus.The resultsshow that: the hair of the stems can be used as an auxiliary division between speciesshape;the shap as the mainly division under the Notoseris is not reliable,I think theleaf shap is instability,even on the same plant has a different,and there is a continuevariation of the phenomenon;Since their has the relationship between the involucressize and the number of floras,so it can as the classification basis between the generaand interspecific.Achene feature have a big diffrence between the genus,but have alittle difference interspecific,it is the significant evidence between Notoseris andrelated genus.2Karyotype studyStudyed the chromosome number of three species of Notoseris,one ofParaprenanthes and one of Lactuca(Pterocypsela).Chromosome number of the fivespecies are all2n=18, diploid, and the same as previous research results.Theirkaryotype and karyotype formulas are different.Notoseris and Paraprenanthes’skaryotype are "2A" type; Lactuca(Pterocypsela)’s karyotype is "3A" type, asymmetryis strong.It illustrates that the relationship between Notoseris and Paraprenanthes isnear than lactuca(Pterocypsela).3Study of achene anatomy characteristics Observed the achene anatomical features of15species about Notoseris andrelated genus. The results show that the feature have a significant difference betweengenus and have taxonomic value. Notoseris, Paraprenanthes and Prenanthes is“Ribbed type”; Lactuca(Pterocypsela) is “Wing type”.In addition,the fiber cell andParenchyma cells’layers and location are different among genus. Notoseris yakoensiswhich belonging to Prenanthes have the same achenes features to Notoseris.Sosupport Kilian classified it as Notoseris.4SEM observation of surface sculpturing of acheneAchene surface sculptureing of15species of Notoseris and related genus.Theresults show that achene epidermal cell shape, arrangement and epidermal cellsbetween the outer wall decoration features are very different,it can as the evidence onthe genera level. It support Notoseris yakoensis classified as Notoseris.There aredifferences between species,and can be used to define the species.5SEM observasion of the adaxial of flora tongueFlora tongue adaxial of4species of Notoseris,one of Paraprenanthes and one ofLactuca(Pterocypsela) are investigated under SEM. The results showed that the floratongue adaxial surface cell of6species are all narrowly elliptic or cylindrical,but theradial curvature of the stratum corneum and epidermis stripes have various differencesbetween species.6Study of cladisticsAcladistic analysis is made on Notoseris and related genus based on25morphological characters.The parsimony tree is divided into two branches:one ofwhich is taxa having ribbed type achenes included Notoseris, Paraprenanthes andPrenanthes; the other one is Lactuca (Pterocypsela) having Wing type achenes.Species in Notoseris form an independent cladeand have the approval rate of78%bootstrap, which supports the independent status of this genus.7Taxonomic revision of NotoserisApplying the above traits analysis and combining with access to the collection ofspecimens and field survey, we conducted for the taxonomic revision ofNotoseris.Now we finished the genera as8specis,that areN.yakoensis,N.scandens,N.triflora,N.macilenta,N.melanantha,N.henryi，N.yunnanensis,N.guizhouensis;merged5specis and2specis in double." Taxonomictreatment " described the shape of the characteristics of each species, variation, fruitperiod, the number of chromosomes, habitat, and finally a list of the studied specimens.