Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis Of The18Buntings Species Of The Northeast China

The phylogenetic relationship of Emberizinae remains contronversial in the result of traditional taxonomy and molecular systematics study.18kinds of buntings are distribution in the Northeast China, the relationship of several buntings unresolved. Phylogenetic relationships of18buntings species based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and β-Fibrinogen intron7gene, we obtained a770bp portion of the cytochrome b gene and948bp of the β-Fibrinogen intron7gene. Trees were reconstructed using the Bayesian (BI) and maximum-likelihood (ML) methods for the sequences cytochrome b and β-Fibrinogen intron7separately, and for the two sequences combined. The combination of cytochrome b gene and β-Fibrinogen intron7gene gives much better supported trees. In the tree the18buntings are divided into three main clades. The Calcarius lapponcius and Plectrophenax nivalis were diverged first from all species; we support the Emberiza fucata was diverged first from the second clade, Emberiza jankowskii as sister to Emberiza cia, and they as sister to Emberiza cioides, In contrast to other studies the Emberiza jankowskii diverged later than Emberiza cioides and Emberiza leucocephalos, we confirm there is the hybridization possibility of the Emberiza jankowskii、Emberiza cioides and Emberiza leucocephalos. we can conclude that there is a close relationship between Emberiza rutila、Emberiza rustica and Emberiza spodocephala, they were diverged latest in the18buntings; Emberiza pusilla and Emberiza elegans are closely related in the third clade; Emberiza chrysophrys and Emberiza tristrami has close relationship; The result also supports the view that the relationship of Emberiza schoeniclus and Emberiza pallasi is closer than Emberiza pallasi and Emberiza yessoensis, Emberiza yessoensis was diverged first in third clade.