The Risk Alarming And Evaluation Of Chinese Commercial Banks In The Open Economy-Exploration Of Index System And Its Structure

Commercial banks are special corporations dealing with money management, their most remarkable characters are doing their business in hock. All kinds of deposits are their main working capital , they obtain profits through providing loans and doing other operations. The proportion between their own capital and their total working capital is far below other industries. As special corporations , in the anisomerous information environment, commercial banks are confronting with many risks at any time, furthermore, they take risks greater than common corporations. Commercial bank risk are the probability of suffering loss of their assets, income and credit when the commercial banks facing impacts of uncertain factors during operation and management.In the modern economy, the risk species that commercial banks are facing are various, some are lurking, can burst out ,and have diffusibility, if only these risks burst out, they will cause great endanger to the economy, all the consequences of previous finance crisis make this point clear. In order to avoid adverse impact caused by the imaginable economy or finance crisis to our nation's economic development and social stability, as far as commercial banks, given the risk characters and the causes of the risks themselves, they can educe measures of supervision to control or reduce the degree of risks by analyzing the cause.The relative theory to commercial banks include theory of bank supervision, and theory of supervision practice of banking system, the former has two points: the inherent frangibility theory of banking system and the theory of common benefit. The inherent frangibility theory of banking system has explained the essence character of the inherent frangibility of the banking system from commercial banks' interior mechanism and their working characteristic. The theory of common benefit analyzing a few expressional manners of the failure of finance. This theory owns "market failure" to incomplete and anisomerous information, monopolization, public products, increase by degrees of scale economy and the exterior quality because of the particularity of the banking. The theory of practice of bank supervision is about whatkind of measure the government should take when it wants to implement the supervision, it also has particularized a few measures of banking supervision, and evaluated and compared these measures according to the sequence of time.The commercial bank risks have objectivity and accelerative diffusibility, can be concealed very well ,but also can be controlled. According to the routine taxonomy of the temporary academia of the commercial bank risks, the commercial bank risks can mainly be divided into credit risk, market risk, fluidity risk, manipulation risk, law risk and so on. Thereinto, credit risk is the main risk that our nation's commercial banks are facing.The risk alarming system of commercial banks is an important process during the supervision of commercial bank risk, it can be defined that according to relative finance statutes and steadily working principles of finance, choosing some supervision measurement indexes that can reflect evidence of banking crisis in advance, establishing model to supervise risks as well as discover the crisis signals in early time, warning the supervision authorities and finance institutions to pay attention to the windage of working direction of the bank or finance earlier ,so as to keep away the bank or finance crisis. The four larger commercial banks act as the dominant role among our country's commercial banks, according to the fact that their data are easy to acquire and the absolutely advantaged place they are at, the demonstration analysis of the risk alarming system of commercial banks mainly takes the four larger commercial banks as research objects.The generalized banking supervision is a kind of system arrangement of a nation's banking supervision, it includes the organization structure and action fashion of the main body of banking supervision system, the object of banking supervision, the law and statute system of banking supervision, and so on. In recent years ,some countries have reduced the number of supervision institutions, some countries have established unitary and all-powerful institution;some others have chosen multi-institution increased the number of the supervision institution. The banking supervision system of America implements the supervision of two routes and multi-institution;Japan, since 1998, has reformed its bank supervision system gravely, unifying the nation's banking supervision policy;Britain has implemented thesupervision pattern according to function.But in our country, the consciousness of banking supervision is very weak, supervision has not reached standardization and has not implemented the supervision according to legal system, the means and method of supervision is old, so our banking supervision, from the view of supervisor, should perfect the law and statute system of the finance supervision, enhance the prevention consciousness of finance risk, establish good market drop-out mechanism of commercial bank, constitute deposit insurance system, strengthen cooperation with international finance supervision organizations, improve the risk supervision techniques, set up the risk alarming system of commercial banks;from the view of commercial banks, should build up developing policy of working steadily, perfect organization and management system of commercial bank, set up favorable internal control environment, intensify internal audit, quicken the property right reform, increase commercial banks' capital allowance in deed.