The Study On The Occupational Pension Of Social Endowment Insurance In China

The endowment insurance in the world has experienced three stages: "family support endowment insurance "/'Government support endowment insurance "and "social endowment insurance ". After the 70's of the 20th century, the international economy is impacted by the petroleum crisis. Under the mode of " Government support endowment insurance ", the financial pressure of government becomes heavier in many countries with the " Aging of population ". The traditional mode of "pay-as-you-go system " cannot meet the new demand already. Many countries need a new kind of endowment insurance system to strengthen the responsibility of other subjects in the society and reduce the government's burden.The system of occupational pension is a kind of means that employer used it to encourage the staff to work hard and retain the outstanding talents in the early time. After the 80's of the 20th century, many countries in the world began to use various kinds of means to encourage employers to set up the occupational pension systems: some countries force the enterprises to make the occupational pension plans by legislation, and the majority of countries which hope to develop the occupational pension system have made some relevant tax bite policies. Many countries have paid attention to the occupational pension. In 1995, the experts of World Bank advocated setting up the system of " three pillars " of endowment insurance which include mandatory public annuity, mandatory private annuity and individual savings, and it has aroused governments and theory circles' attention in many countries.The history of the occupational pension in our country is very short. It has been more than ten years since it was put forward theoretically. Our country proposed setting up "three pillars" modes of enterprise's employee endowment insurances at the beginning of 1990s, namely national basic endowment insurance, enterprise supplementary endowment insurance andindividual savings endowment insurance. In 2000, the enterprise supplementary endowment insurance was confirmed as the occupational pension by our government. Afterwards, the government has issued a series of concrete operational policies of occupational pension. But our country is in economic transition period at present, the historical burden is relatively heavy, and the system of the national basic endowment insurance has not been perfect yet. Compared with developed countries and some developing countries, the occupational pension of our country is in development period and lagged behind others obviously.This text proceeds with the whole enterprise's employee endowment insurances system, and introduces some notions and organization about occupational pension. Then the author compares the history and present status about occupational pension in some developed and developing countries with our countries', and analyzes the necessity of building the occupational pension system in our country. The text generalizes some reasons that restrict the development of employer pension in our country at present. At last the author probes into the framework and the management of fund investment of our country's occupational pension based on trust.This text is divided into six major parts, including the foreword at the beginning, four chapter contents and brief summary in the end. The structure is as follows:First part is the foreword. It introduces the background, research methods and the goal.Second part is the chapter one, sums up the relevant contents of occupational pension. It is divided into four sections: section one introduces the concept of occupational pension; section two analyzes the situation of the occupational pension in the three pillars of our country's enterprise's endowment insurance system; section three enumerates the character of the occupational pension; section four summarizes the main organizational form ofthe occupational pension plans.The third part is the chapter two. It introduces the history and the current situation of occupational pension in the foreign countries o It is divided into three sections: section one introduces the four stages of the western countries' occupational pension; section two takes U.S.A. and Chile as examples and introduces the concrete current situation of foreign countries' occupational pension; section three introduces the investment management of occupational pension.The fourth part is the chapter three. It probes into the necessity that our country develops occupational pension and the restriction factors at present. It is divided into four sections: section one analyzes the necessity of occupational pension in our country presently; section two summarizes the history of occupational pension in our country; section three introduces the situation of the occupational pension at present in our country from all aspects; section four summarizes the main factors that restricting the development of occupational pension at present time in our country.The fifth part is the chapter four which studies how to improve the administration structure of occupational pension based on trust mode in our country. It is divided into five sections: section one analyzes the trust and the principal-agent relations in the occupational pension plan of our country; section two introduces the parties in the occupational pension plan of our country; section three analyzes the detailed facts about the each procedure of occupational pension plan's setting-up, operation in our country; section four analyzes how to strengthen the investment management of occupational pension; section five studies the supervision on the occupational pension in our country.The sixth part is the summary. In this part the author summarize the main ideas in this text.