Research And Implementation Of Nodes Localization Algorithm In Wireless Sensor Network

Advances in wireless communications, digital electronics and micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology have enabled the development of low-cost, low-power, multifunctional sensor nodes that are small in size and communicate in short distances. These tiny sensor nodes which consist of sensing, data processing, and communicating components, leverage the idea of wireless sensor networks based on collaborative effort of a large number of nodes. There are many potential applications of sensor nodes of wireless sensor networks: military surveillance, environmental monitoring, traffic surveillance, medical treatment, building and structures monitoring, even anti-terrorism, etc.Localization technology is one of the supporting technologies about the wireless sensor network. For the constraints in power, cost and size of sensor nodes, the self-localization techniques meet new requirements and challenges. Besides according with basic accuracy requirement, the localization algorithm must be practicable, straightforward and with low-power. This thesis focuses on the problem of self-localization in WSN and makes thorough discussion and research of it. The concrete content is as follows:1. The basic concept of wireless sensor networks, its framework, characteristics and development history and key technologies are summarized. The ideas of implementation for the node localization in wireless sensor networks are also analyzed.2. Study on the mathematical model related the algorithm of wireless sensor networks node localization. At the same time.the evaluation criterion of localization algorithm and system are described comprehensively. Focus on the more sophisticated localization algorithms, and discuss with classification according to different features of algorithms.3. Study on the classic Monte Carlo localization algorithm. Develop a new localization algorithm based on it, named Accurate Monte Carlo localization algorithm. The algorithm improves the motion mathematical model, motion prediction algorithm, constraints for the location selection and filtering algorithm. Then do some computer simulation for the algorithm, and analyze the simulation result.4. The sensor node for experiment is designed to further validate the practicability of the algorithm. The ATmegal28L microprocessor from Atmel and the CC2420 RF transceiver from Chipcon are adopted to design the experiment node. The project design of the positioning system is described. ZigBee protocol is transplanted to the experiment node and the localization algorithm is optimized further. In the end, the self-localization algorithm is tested with the experiment node.5. Finally, summarize the whole works for the dissertation, and propose some further research points for the algorithm.